元代柳中佛教神圣地位的呈现与成因

The Presentation and Cause of the holy Status of ü? Lük?üng Bal?q among the Uighur Buddhists in the Yuan Dynasty

元代畏兀儿高僧智泉(回鹘文写作?is?n或?isuya,?isuin)为敦煌册子本Or. 8212-108回鹘文《说心性经》的作者,其名见于该文献的尾跋和哲理诗中,但对其生平事迹,学界知之甚少,仅知其活动地点为大都的gao lenhua寺,即今北京高梁河畔之元代皇家寺院——大护国仁王寺。随着敦煌莫高窟北区出土文献的整理刊布,关于该法师的资料逐步增多,尤其是敦煌本B140:5回鹘文《文殊师利所说不思议佛境界经》记载智泉法师出生于ü? Lük?üng Bal?q,其地相当于今吐鲁番鄯善县境鲁克沁镇,即汉代的柳中。这里自汉代以来以至于唐代,一直是西域地区比较重要的一座城市。高昌回鹘时期,这里佛教发达,寺院经济繁荣,长期充任高昌回鹘王国的经济中心之一,而且政治地位也很高,从回鹘文文书和史书记载分析,其经济地位与政治地位似乎都仅仅次于首都高昌。各种因素的交互作用,使元代柳中城逐渐发展成为彼时畏兀儿佛教徒心目中的圣城。

Master Cison (also Cisuya or Cisuin), a famous Buddhist monk of Yuan Dynasty who was the author of the Dunhuang version of the 8212-108 Uighur Xin Tozin Uqittaci Nom Bitig. His name was found in the postscripts and philosophic poems of the manuscript, but academia knows little about the sto. ry of all his life. It is only known about the location of his activities is the GAO lenhua temple in Dadu, capital of Yuan Dynasty, where is now the royal temple of the Yuan Dynasty located on the bank of The Gaoliang river in Beijing. With the compilation and publication of unearthed documents in the northern part of the Mogao Cave in Dunhuang, the information about the mage has gradually increased, especially, the Dunhuang Uighur B140:5 Wen-shu-shi-li-suo-shuo-bu-si-yi-fo-jing-jie-jing records that Master Cison was born in Uc Lukcung Baliq where its land is equivalent to today's Uc Lukcung in Shanshan County of Turpan, which is called Liuzhong in the Han Dynasty. Since the Han Dynasty and even the Tang Dynasty, it has always been one of the important cities in the Western Regions. During the Qoco Uighur Kingdom, with the develop of the Buddhism here, the monastery economy was prosperous, and it had long served as one of the economic centers of the Kingdom, and its political status was also high. From the analysis of Uighur documents and historical records, its economic status and political status seem to be second to the capital Qoco. Because of the interaction of various factors led to the gradual development of Liuzhong city became the holy city in the eyes of Buddhist monks in the Yuan Dynasty.