日美贸易摩擦:30年的“攻防战”

Japan vs. the US Trade Friction:A 30-Year Trade War of Tit for Tat

第二次世界大战后日本出口贸易急剧扩大,促进了经济增长,同时也带来了贸易顺差膨胀与对外贸易摩擦加剧等问题。美国是日本最大的出口市场,也是其最大的贸易盈余来源地,日美的贸易摩擦尤为严重。20世纪60年代以来,围绕贸易平衡等问题,日美之间展开了长达30年的"攻防战"。在20世纪80年代的高潮期,处理对美贸易摩擦问题成为日本外贸政策的中心课题。日美贸易摩擦始于日本个别出口商品的剧增,后来转变为包括经济、政策制度和文化在内的"复合摩擦"。日本克服摩擦的对策,也由"自主限制"出口升级为开放市场和调整经济结构。美国在日美谈判中对日本提出的要求,在客观上有促进日本进行经济结构和政策调整的作用。

Japan's export trade espanded rapidly after the Second World War, which resulted in trade surplus, foreign trade friction and some other problems while it promoted economic development. The United States is Japan's largest export market and largest trade surplus source as well , therefore Japan-US trade friction has become the most serious problem. The two countries have been involved in a 30-year of trade war of tit for tat concerning trade surplus since the 1960's. Dealing with trade surplus problem became the central task in the Japanese foreign trade policy especially in the climax period in the 1980's. The problem orginated in a big increase in some certain Japanese exports and developed into complex friction concerning economic , policy and culture. Japan' government took a counter measure policy from voluntary restraint in export to open domestic market and economic structure reajustment, which objectively played a role of promoting the reajustment of Japanese economic and policy development as a result of the US request in the trade negotiation.