“他者”的质地——从丁玲《阿毛姑娘》到21世纪“打工妹叙事”

Otherness of“the Others”: From Girl Amao by Ding Ling to“the Narrative of the Female Migrant Workers”in the New Century

对底层女性的关注是"五四"以来中国文学的一个持续性叙事点。以阶级/阶层与性别两个范畴之间复杂纠葛作为学理背景,选择丁玲《阿毛姑娘》和21世纪初年底层文学潮流中"打工妹叙事"的几个代表性文本,进行互文性的讨论。不仅可以体知"五四"以来中国文学中底层女性形象的"前世今生",更探讨了底层女性形象作为一种"他者"形象,其中所包含的复杂文化权力机制:底层女性的主体位置源自阶级(阶层)、性别、族群、国族、城乡等等多重身份的交叉、协商,因而是复杂、多元的。对其中任何一种身份的过度强调,都必然造成对其他身份的遮蔽,从而将底层女性形象本质化、刻板化。

Attention on the female from the bottom of the society has been the narrative emphasis in Chinese literature since the May Fourth Movement.With the academic background of complex interaction between the two categories of classes and genders,several representative texts selected from Girl Amao by Ding Ling and the literature of bottom groups in the early years of the new century are studied intertextually.Thus not only can the past and present images of the female from the bottom of society be understood,but also their images as a kind of images of"the others"could be explored,and they include the complicated mechanism of cultural power:the subjective positions of the female from the bottom of society originate from the overlapping and bargaining of their identities of class,gender,ethnic group,nationality,urban/rural residency,and therefore they are complex and pluralistic.The extreme emphasis of anyone of these identities would consequently lead to the ignorance of other identities and thus the essentialized and stereotyped image of the female.