试论1917—1918年山西的警政改革

A Study of the Police Reform from 1917 to 1918 in Shanxi Province

一般认为,中华民国北洋政府后期,全国许多地区匪患严重,山西却较轻。原因是什么?以往学界尚无实质性研究。本项研究发现,这与山西实行了较有成效的警政改革有关。20世纪第二个十年的后期,北洋政府在全国开展整顿警务的活动,以稳定社会秩序,在此大背景下,1917—1918年,掌握了山西省政的阎锡山集团积极推行警政体系改革。改革的具体措施如下:其一,完善警政机构,组织基本警政网络;完善现代乡村警政体系,构建富有山西特色的"警政模式"。其二,举办警察传习所、警察教练所和基层警士教练所,以培养社会急需之警材。其三,划一警察饷项,推行警察储金计划,特别是实施警察造林储金计划,最引人注目。山西警政改革增强了警察在村治中的参与度,健全了城乡二元结构的警察执法体系,延伸了国家对乡村的控制权,具有一定的民本色彩。不过,虽然取得了一些成效,但由于改革是在官治模式下运行的,且因连年战事,难免有"遂至松懈"的结果。

The research found that Shanxi province did not suffer from bandits and robbers in the regime of Beiyang Government due to Shanxi's police reform. In the 1910s,Beiyang Government launched a national police reform so as to create and maintain a stable society. Under the leadership of Yan Xishan, Shanxi Provincial government implemented a provincewide police reform with Shanxi characteristics which consisted of three vital parts:the strict police administration system,the police training center,and the police wage system. This reform expanded and reinforced the police's involvement into the administration at different levels so as to extend the governmental control to the grassroots units such as villages. However, this police reform did not achieve the anticipated goals due to the bureaucracy and endless internal strife and other social issues.