试论国家主席的职权与地位

On the Authority and Status of the President of the State

国家主席制度是中国国家领导体制中的重要组成部分,准确理解国家主席的实际职权与地位,对于理解中国政治制度非常重要。通过分析国家主席法定职权与实际职权的演变,可以发现其从虚位元首为主逐步转变为一种"三位一体"的制度性安排,从而具有类似半总统制国家总统的地位。这一安排既是1949年以来中国政治制度发展的结果,又是一种重要的制度创造,通过国家主席职位让党的领导得到制度化。

The president system is an important part in Chinese leadership system,and it is very important to understand exactly its actual authority and position for understanding of Chinese political system.By analyzing the evolution of leging authority and actual authority of state president,we can find that it has evolved from“figure head”to a“three-in-one”institutional arrangement,thus it is similar to president in semi-presidential countries.This arrangement is the result of development of political institutions in China since 1949,and is an important institutional innovation.The party’s leadership is institutionalized via the position of president.