中华民国北京政府收回中东铁路路权序幕之探讨——兼论1917年哈尔滨俄侨夺权事件

Discussion on the Resumption of Railway Rights of Chinese Eastern Railway by the Beijing Government of the Republic of China-Also about the Power Grab by Harbin Russians in 1917

1917年,在以哈尔滨为中心的中东铁路路区内爆发了一次俄侨工兵代表苏维埃夺权事件。该事件是俄国十月革命之后中苏(俄)两国间围绕中东铁路问题发生的第一个大事件,也是中苏(俄)交涉史中一个标志性事件。该事件虽然持续时间较短,但影响深远。俄国二月革命之后,在哈尔滨居住的俄人之间政治矛盾尖锐、斗争激烈,工兵代表苏维埃试图夺取旧俄势力控制下的中东铁路路权。在霍尔瓦特和各协约国的一致要求之下,中国政府派兵稳定了局势并将激进官兵缴械后遣散出境,同时收回了被俄国攫取的中东铁路驻军权和设警权,拉开了中国收回中东铁路路权的序幕。苏俄政府在夺权事件中的错误政策和中国外交存在的二元问题,也昭示了日后中苏交涉的层次多元化和复杂化。

There was an incident of taking over power of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) area by the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies in Harbin in 1917. It was the first major event between China and the Soviet Russia over the CER issue after the Russian October revolution, and also a landmark event in the history of negotiations between China and the Soviet Russia. The incident, though short in duration, had a profound impact. After the Russian revolution in February 1917, there were sharp political conflicts and fierce struggles among Harbin Russians. The Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies tried to seize the right to the CER under the control of the old Russian forces. At the request of CER board director D. Horvath and the Allies, the Chinese government sent troops to stabilize the situation and disarmed the radical officers and soldiers and then repatriated them. At the same time, it recovered both the right to garrison and setting-up police in the CER seized by Russia, which started the prelude of China's right to reclaim the CER. The wrong policy of the Soviet government in the event and the duality of China's diplomacy also indicate that negotiation between China and the Soviet Union in the future will be the multi-leveled and complicated.