新型无卤聚合物阻燃剂的研究进展

Review on novel halogen-free polymer flame retardants

为提高阻燃纺织品的阻燃耐久性、耐水洗性,避免传统的卤系阻燃剂在高温下产生二噁英、卤化氢等二次污染物,采用无卤聚合物阻燃剂是行之有效的方法之一。阐述了含磷、氮、硅等阻燃元素的一系列支链型、直链型和交联型聚合物阻燃剂及其单体,主要介绍了磷(膦)酸酯、磷(膦)酰胺、含磷聚硅氧烷、生物基阻燃剂等聚合物型阻燃剂类型、结构、合成、性能及其在纺织品中的应用;分析了当前纺织品用阻燃剂存在的问题。认为耐久性阻燃剂应集中在磷-氮含量高、具有反应活性的绿色环保阻燃剂的合成,要加大多组分阻燃剂复合协同机制研究,加快现代物理整理技术的研究。

In order to improve the durability and washable resistance of flame retardant textiles,and avoid the generation of secondary pollutants such as dioxins and hydrogen halides at high temperature for conventional halogenated flame retardants,using halogen-free polymer flame retardant is one of the effective methods.This paper systematically described a series of branched,linear and crosslinked polymer flame retardants and their monomers containing flame retardant elements such as phosphorus,nitrogen and silicon.The types,structures,synthesis,properties and applications of polymer flame retardants such as phosphates (phosphonates),phosphoramides (phosphonamides),phosphorus-containing polysiloxane and bio-based flame retardants were mainly introduced.The current problems of flame retardants for textiles were analyzed.It was pointed out that the durable flame retardant should focus on the synthesis of eco-friendly flame retardants with high phosphorus-nitrogen content and high reactivity,and should increase the research on synergistic mechanism of multi-component compounds,and accelerate the research direction of modern physical finishing technology research.