杭州西湖水鸟种类组成与分布的研究

Investigation on Species Composition and Distribution of Waterbirds at West Lake,Hangzhou

2002年杭州市政府实施西湖综合保护工程后,新增水域面积约0. 7 km2,2011年起,着重对茅家埠、乌龟潭、浴鹄湾等湖区的水生植物进行整体优化,西湖的自然形态发生了很大的变化,为掌握西湖水鸟组成与季节变化,2016—2017年对杭州西湖的水鸟进行了调查。研究发现西湖水鸟43种,隶属于8目10科,其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物1种:东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana),Ⅱ级保护动物2种:白额雁(Anser albifrons)和鸳鸯(Aix galericulata)。从居留型来看,以迁徙鸟居多,冬候鸟占优势23种,占53. 5%;其次为夏候鸟9种,占20. 9%;旅鸟4种,占9. 3%;留鸟7种,占16. 3%。以古北界鸟类为主23种,占53. 5%;东洋界鸟类13种,占30. 2%;广布种7种,占16. 3%。鸟类生态类群主要为游禽和涉禽,游禽占物种总数的58. 1%、涉禽占物种总数的37. 2%,攀禽种类少,占物种总数的4. 7%。

Since 2002,Hangzhou Municipal Government has implemented a comprehensive protection project at West Lake and water area has increased by about 0.7 km 2.Since 2011,the overall optimization of aquatic plants in Maojiabu,Wuguitan and Yuhuwan lakes has been carried out,and the natural form of West Lake has undergone great changes.To understand the species composition and seasonal dynamics of avifauna,we surveyed waterbirds at West Lake in 2016-2017.We recorded 43 species of birds representing 8 orders and 10 families.Among these,one is a first-class national-protected species,Ciconia boyciana,two are second-class national-protected animals,Anser albifrons and Aix galericulata.Most species were migratory birds,with 23 winter migrants accounting for 53.5%;9 species were summer migrants,accounting for 20.9%;4 species were passage migrants,accounting for 9.3%;and 7 species were residents,accounting for 16.3%.We recorded 23 Palaearctic species(53.5%),13 Oriental species(30.2%),and 7 species(16.3%)of widespread global distribution.The main ecological groups of birds were migratory birds and waders,accounting for 58.1%of all species,37.2%of species were swimming birds,and 4.7%of the total species were Scansores(zygodactyl).