中国红嘴鸥研究进展

Research on Black-Headed Gull in China

红嘴鸥(Larus ridibundus)是中国内陆及沿海地区最常见的中型候鸟之一,广泛分布于全国各省。30多年来,我国在红嘴鸥生态学方面的研究工作取得了较大进展,系统研究并报道了红嘴鸥越冬期的数量、分布、生活习性、食性,繁殖期行为观察及其所携带致病菌的种类等内容,并通过环志及卫星跟踪技术明确了往返昆明地区红嘴鸥的迁徙路线,但在分子生物学、遗传学、生理生化等领域仍待进一步深入研究。红嘴鸥携带致病菌的防治方法、鸣叫行为和抚育行为、红嘴鸥与其他物种的种间关系、越冬期行为谱、疫源疫病动态监测等都是未来的研究方向。本文综述了国内红嘴鸥越冬生态、繁殖生态、迁徙、疾病防治、生理遗传等方面的研究进展,且对未来红嘴鸥的科学研究提出了意见和建议。

Black-headed gull(Larus ridibundus)is one of the most common medium-sized migratory birds in the inland and coastal areas of China,and is widely distributed in all provinces of China.For more than 30 years,great progress has been made in the research of the ecological aspects of black-headed gull in China.Studies have addressed numbers,distribution,living habits,feeding habits during winter,breeding behavior,and diseases.Migration was clarified by means of bird banding and satellite tracking technology.We reviewed the research on wintering ecology,reproductive ecology,migration,disease prevention,physiology and genetics of black-headed gull.We conclude that research in molecular biology,genetics,physiology and biochemistry still need further improvement.We identified future research directions as:species of pathogens and their control methods,breeding and brooding behavior,interspecific relationships,behavioral patterns during winter,and monitoring of epidemic disease.