甘草次酸保肝功效的通路作用机制

Pathways and their mechanisms of hepatoprotective effect of glycyrrhetinic acid

甘草的活性成分包括甘草甜素(glycyrrhizin,GL)和甘草次酸(glycyrrhetinic acid,GA),而GA是甘草中的主要生物活性成分,是GL的主要代谢产物,部分GL通过细菌在肠内代谢为GA。在许多以往的研究中已经证实其具有多种药理学效果,例如抗炎、抗过敏、抗致癌、抗损伤和抗氧化特性以及肝脏保护。最近的研究表明,GA可以降低逆转录因子、二氧化钛纳米粒子和环磷酰胺诱导的肝毒性,并且可以保护免受四氯化碳诱导的肝损伤。已报道的GA的保肝作用机制主要归因于诱导抗氧化剂防御,抑制炎症反应和细胞色素P450表达,本文将对GA在不同信号通路中发挥保肝作用进行综述。

The active ingredients of liquorice root include Glycyrrhizin (GL) and Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), while GA is the main biological active ingredient as well as the main metabolite of glycyrrhizin (GL). Part of GL is metabolized to GA in the intestine by bacteria. It has been demonstrated in many previous studies that GA has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-injury, antioxidant properties and hepatoprotection. Recent studies have shown that GA can reduce hepatotoxicity induced by reverse transcription factors, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, cyclophosphamide, and protect against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride. The reported hepatoprotective mechanism of GA is mainly attributed to the induction of antioxidant defense, inhibition of inflammatory response and cytochrome P450 expression. The role of GA in hepatoprotective effects in different signaling pathways will be introduced in this article.