侦查初期律师帮助权的欧洲标准及其启示——以欧洲人权法院萨多斯诉土耳其案为中心的分析

Practice and Implications of Rights to Counsel during the Preliminary Stage of Criminal Investigations in Europe:A Review on the ECHR Case Salduz vs.Turkey

关于侦查初期律师帮助权,欧洲人权法院萨多斯案的革命性意义在于摒弃了整体平衡原则,尝试建立明确的规则。经过之后的判例和欧盟立法的发展,逐渐形成了包括律师帮助权的告知、放弃、范围以及相关保障机制的规则体系。法国、荷兰等具有较强职权主义传统的国家,均不同程度地根据这一规则修改了国内立法,逐渐允许犯罪嫌疑人在讯问前咨询律师并要求律师在场。为了杜绝非法审讯,我国应当参照欧洲经验,加强侦查阶段的律师帮助权。目前亟待解决的是律师介入的及时性和提供法律帮助的有效性。

Salduz v.Turkey from the ECtHR revolutionized the right to counsel in the investigation stage around European jurisdictions,by moving from totality balance to rigid rules.With the development of cases and EU legislation,a system including right notice,waiver,range and supporting mechanisms has been established.In order to conform to these rules,France and Netherlands have amended domestic legislations,guaranteeing the chance to consult a lawyer before interrogations,and finally allowing the presence of lawyer during interrogations.A higher degree of counsel participation may be the ultimate method to prevent illegal interrogations.Immediate participation and effective legal assistance are two priorities in the coming reform.