党争与乡评旋涡中的江南缙绅——明末郑鄤案考论

A Scholar-Bureaucrat from the South of Yangtze River in the Whirlpool of Party Struggle and Village Judging——A Case Study of Zheng Man in the Late Ming Dynasty

明末士人郑鄤因被控"惑父披剃""左道迫父杖母""奸媳""烝妹"四项罪名而罹难,但通过对相关史料的梳理和分析可发现,其被控罪名并不成立,计六奇在《明季北略》中,关于郑鄤案的记载讹误颇多。郑鄤之所以罹祸,其主要原因是郑鄤缺乏政治经验,陷入党争和政争的旋涡。郑鄤在乡诸多不法行径及狂傲的性格,导致其乡评极差,即使在东林内部,对其指责者亦颇多。明思宗刚愎自用的性格、反感党争的心态,以及有意借此案抑制黄道周、打击士大夫清议朝政的行为,则是促成郑鄤磔刑案的关键因素,四项罪名只是借口而已。

Zheng Man was sentenced to death because he was accused of tempting his father to tonsure, forcing his father to rod his mother by dishonest means, raping his daughter-in-law and committing incest with his young sister. Through the combing and analysis of relevant historical records, it is found that the accusation of Zheng Man is ill-founded. There are too many mistakes about Zheng Man case in MingJiBeiLue compiled by Ji Liuqi. In fact, the main reason for Zheng Man’s death is that he had little political experience and was caught in the whirlpool of party and government struggle. Due to his many illegal behaviors in the hometown and arrogant personality, village judging about him was always very terrible. He even received a lot of criticism within Dong Lin party. The primary reasons for Zheng Man’s death were emperor Sizong’s headstrongness and dislike of party struggle in the Ming Dynasty and he wanted to control Huang Daozhou through this case to suppress scholar-bureaucrats’ behaviors of carefree talks about state affairs, so the four charges were only excuses.