中古道教仙传中的“食桃修仙”母题研究

Research on the Motif "Cultivate Immortality By Eating Peach" in the Mediaeval Times Taoism Immortal Biography

中古道教仙传中,"食桃修仙"母题的产生有其相应的时代背景和文化背景。在探究该母题产生的基础上,从内外两方面分析了"桃"被仙化的多重原因。就外因而言,桃被仙化与神仙信仰的广泛流传有关。就内因而言,桃被仙化与桃特殊丰富的文化内涵紧密相连。进而以"食王母桃"这一母题为中心梳理"食桃修仙"母题的流变。该母题的流变与桃被赋予的神效和异形密切相关,由此导致"食桃修仙"母题呈现出神异浪漫的美学风格。

In Taoism immortal biography the mediaeval times,the birth of the motif "Cultivate Immortality By Eating Peach" has corresponding historical and cultural background.Beside researching on the base of birth of the motif,the paper analyses the multi-reasons of the immortalization of peach from the internal and external views.For external causes,the immortalization of peaches is related to the wide spread of belief in immortals.For the internal causes the immortalization of peaches is tightly related to the rich and unique cultural connotation.And then,the paper untangles the changes of the motif with the focus of "Eating Queen Mother Peach".The changes of the motifis tightly related to the investitive apotheosis and heteromorphism of the peaches,which brings about the special narrative mode and aesthetic style presented in the motif.