插皮接技术在海南油茶低产林高接换冠的应用

Application of Bark Grafting in the Topworking of Low Yielding Camellia Oleifera Plantations in Hainan

高接换冠是低产经济林改造的重要方法,其中插皮接技术是高接换冠中的常用技术,广泛应用于各种经济树种改良和无性繁殖上,但鲜有在海南油茶开展换冠技术的报道。采用插皮接技术在海南琼海阳江镇上科村油茶林基地(上科基地)对51株海南油茶开展换冠研究,嫁接成活率达85%,结果枝比率达29%。在澄迈县福山镇侯臣基地(侯臣基地)开展相同试验,选取614株海南油茶进行插皮接高位换冠,每株平均嫁接枝条2.03枝,成活平均枝数达1.82枝,成活枝比率为89.97%。结果表明,插皮接技术成活率高,可以进行换冠,换冠后结果快且多。对单株平均产量高接换冠前后2年进行比较,上科基地单株平均产量增加5.40 kg,产油量增加0.22 kg;侯臣基地A区增加2.74 kg,B区增加5.59 kg。结果表明,插皮接技术适合在海南开展低产海南油茶林改造且增产效果明显。

Topworking for change of a crown of a crop is an important method for improving a low-yielding crop. Bark grafting is one of the common practices for topworking and is widely used to improve economic tree crops, or for vegetative propagation. However, there are few reports on topworking of Camellia oleifera trees in Hainan. Fifty one trees of C. oleifera in an oil tree plantation at Shengke village, Yangjiang Town, Qionghai city, Hainan were selected for topworking via barkgrafting. The barkgrafted branches had a survival rate of 85% with 29% of fruiting branches. At the same time, 614 C. oleifera trees in an oil tree plantation at Houchen village, Fushan Town, Chengmai county, Hainan were selected for topworking via barkgrafting. An average number of branches of C. oleifera trees used for barkgrafting per plant was 2. 03 , and 1.82 grafted branches per plant survived with a survival rate of grafted branches being 89. 97%. The results showed that barkgrafting had a high survival rate of grafted branches and can be used for topworking. C. oleifera trees yielded fast and high after topworking via barkgrafting. The barkgrafted branches started to set fruit 2 years after grafting. The topworking C. oleifera trees increased fruit yield by 5.40 kg/tree and oil yield by 0.22 kg/tree at Shangke Village, and fruit yield by 2. 74 kg/tree at plot A and 5.59 kg/tree at plot B at Houchen Village as compared to the yield of trees without topworking. These results indicate that barkgrafing is a good practice for topworking of the low yielding C. oleifera plantations in Hainan and that the topworking trees will increase their yield obviously.