国际化与本土化:清末民初现代学术转型中的双向追求——以“中国图书馆学”的建立为重点

Internationalization and Localization: Two-way Pursuit of Modern Academic Transformation in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Period of Republic of China:Focusing on the Establishment of “Chinese Library Science”

清末民初,是混而不分的传统学术形态向分科日趋细化的现代学术形态实现全面转型的重要时期,国际化与本土化成为中国学人在实现中国现代学术转型中同步并趋的双向追求。学术转型中的国际化与本土化同步并趋、国际借鉴与历史传承兼顾并重,是中西融合、综合创新的文化观念在学术领域的延伸与体现。"学术国际化"主要体现在学科体系、学术体制的国际化,学术观念、学术方法的国际化,学术名词、学术话语的国际化,从具体学科来说,图书馆学的建立是"西学东渐"之背景下引入西方学术分科观念、现代知识分类体系的产物。近代学人也表现出了强烈的学术本土化倾向,如图书馆学从建立之初就启动了本土化进程,体现为"三个注重",即注重适应中国历史文化背景,注重适应中国目前社会的实际需要,注重整理中国固有的目录学、校雠学等本土学术资源。

The late Qing Dynasty and the early period of Republic of China were the important transition periods when the vague traditional academic form was turned into the modern one with detailed branches. Internationalization and localization became the Chinese scholars’two-way pursuit in the course of modern academic transformation. In the academic field there existed the cultural concept with the fusion of west and east and the comprehensive innovation characterized by the combination of internationalization and localization and the one of international reference and historical inheritance.“Academic internationalization” was mainly reflected in the internationalization of discipline system, academic system, concept, method, term, discourse. From the perspective of specific discipline, the establishment of library science was the product of introducing the western concept of academic branch and classification system of modern knowledge against the background of “Western Learning”. The modern scholars also showed the tendency of strong academic localization. In the beginning of establishment of library science, the local process could be reflected in “three emphases”: adaptation of Chinese historical and cultural background, adaptation of present actual Chinese social demand, and reorganization of local academic resources such as Chinese bibliography and collation study.