精准扶贫的理念、困境与对策完善——基于能力贫困理论视角

The Concept, Predicament and Countermeasure of Targeted Poverty Alleviation: From the Perspective of Capability Poverty Theory

阿马蒂亚·森提出的能力贫困理论弥补了传统贫困理论的缺陷,认为贫困的根本原因是个人可行能力的缺乏,反贫困的关键就在于重建个人的可行能力。结合我国正在实施的精准扶贫方略来看,其内涵和实施环节都体现出诸如尊重贫困者的主体地位、关注致贫原因和扶贫政策的差异性和重视可行能力提升的能力贫困理论的理念。但在实践中落实这些理念还面临着一些困境,包括贫困者参与度不足、贫困识别存在误差、扶贫资金有限、只注重扶贫短期成效等。为了摆脱现存困境,实现更好的脱贫成效,可以提高贫困者参与精准扶贫的积极性,构建多维贫困识别机制,高效利用扶贫资金,完善长期脱贫的考核方法。

The capability poverty theory proposed by Amartya Sen makes up for the shortcoming of traditional poverty theory. He thinks that the root cause of poverty is the lack of capability approach of individuals, and the key to anti-poverty lies in rebuilding it. In combination with the measures of targeted poverty alleviation being implemented in China, its connotation and enforcement link reflect the concept of capability poverty theory, such as respecting the main status of the poor, paying attention to the reasons for poverty and the differences of poverty alleviation policies, and attaching importance to the improvement of capability approach. But in practice there are still some difficulties in implementing the concept, including the lack of participation of the poor, the existence of errors in poverty identification, the limited poverty alleviation funds and the focus on the short-term effect of poverty alleviation. In order to get rid of the existing predicament and achieve the better effect of poverty alleviation, we can improve the enthusiasm of the poor participating in poverty alleviation, build a multi-dimensional poverty identification mechanism, use poverty alleviation funds efficiently, and perfect the assessment method of long-term poverty alleviation.