由“聪明”到“懿德”的政教进路——《诗经·大雅·烝民》首章郑玄笺义发微

The Approach of State and Indoctrination from “Clear Seeing and Hearing” to “Virtue”:Zheng Xuan's Exegesis of the First Chapter of Common People, Daya, The Book of Songs

郑玄对《诗经·大雅·烝民》首章的诠释阐发了《诗经》及《尚书》蕴涵的"天聪明自我民聪明"的实践原则,表明"天聪明"下达于"我民聪明"的关键在于确立由"天子之位"或"王者"统摄的人伦—政治秩序;"民"对"懿德"的爱好必然通过政教制度及相应之实践而达成,"天命"或者说"天的创造"最终在王者制度所构建、维系的人伦—政治秩序形态中落实。郑玄对《烝民》首章的诠释既是"以经证经"的典范,同时也是一种对经学传统的认同实践,对当下理解、诠释儒学经典具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。

In the exegesis of the first chapter of Common People, Daya, The Book of Songs Zheng Xuan elucidates a practical principle of “Heaven’s ‘clear seeing and hearing’ based on the common people’s” contained in The Book of Songs and The Book of History , the critical point of which lies in establishing the order of human relations-politics governed by “ imperial throne” or “king”. The people’s appetite for “virtue” is inevitably realized by the system of state and indoctrination and the corresponding practice.“Heaven’s will” or “Heaven’s creation” is finally implemented in the form of order of human relations-politics constructed and maintained by the king’s institution. Zheng Xuan’s exegesis of the first chapter of Common People is not only the model of “proving the Confucian classics by itself”, but also the identity practice towards the tradition of Confucian classics, which has the important reference value and guiding significance for understanding and elucidating the Confucian classics at present.