三种ABO血型检测方法的临床应用

Clinical application of three kinds of ABO blood type detection method

目的探讨微柱凝胶法(MGT)、凝聚胺法(MPT)及玻片法检测ABO血型的准确性及影响因素。方法分析我院在2017年12月～2018年6月收治的3000例患者的血型鉴定标本,使用微柱凝胶法(MGT)、凝聚胺法(MPT)及玻片法进行ABO血型正定型检测。比较三种血型检测方法血型检测结果的复查率;对血型结果可疑的标本,加做反定型进行复检,并分析影响ABO血型检测的因素。结果 3000例标本中,发现血型结果需复查者共57例。按复查率排列为:MGT(0.17%)<MPT(0.37%)<玻片法(1.37%)。MGT、MPT法的血型结果复查率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.274,P=0.68551)。玻片法、MPT法的血型结果复查率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=18.378,P=0.00104);MGT、玻片法的血型结果复查率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=29.556,P=0.00001)。三种检测方法血型实验结果影响因素,标本因素:玻片法(70.7%)>MPT(27.3%)>MGT(20.0%);器材因素:MGT(80.0%)>MPT(9.1%)>玻片法(7.3%);操作因素:MPT(63.6%)>玻片法(22.0%)>MGT(0.0%)。结论三种ABO血型检测方法均存在某些不足,MGT的准确率高于MPT及玻片法,建议正反定型相结合以弥补正定型的不足,为临床输血治疗提供准确的ABO血型结果。

Objective To discuss the accuracy and influence factors of ABO blood type detected by microcolumn gel test (MGT), manual polybrene test (MPT) and slide method. Methods Blood identification samples of 3000 patients admitted to our hospital from December 2017 to June 2018 were analyzed, and ABO blood type was detected by MGT, MPT and slide method. Re-examination rate of blood group test results of three blood group detection methods was compared. The samples with suspicious blood group results were re-examined by adding reverse typing, and the factors affecting ABO blood type detection were analyzed. Results Among the 3000 samples, 57 cases were found to need to be re-examined for blood group results. According to the re-examination rate, MGT (0.17%)<MPT (0.37%)<slide method (1.37%). There was no significant difference in the rate of blood group re-examination between MGT and MPT (χ^2=2.274, P=0.68551). There was a significant difference in the re-examination rate of blood group results between slide method and MPT method (χ^2=18.378, P=0.00104), there was a significant difference in the re-examination rate of blood group results between MGT and slide method (χ^2=29.556, P=0.00001). The influencing factors of blood type test results of three methods were as follows: slide method (70.7%)>MPT (27.3%)>MGT (20.0%);equipment factor: MGT (80.0%)>MPT (9.1%)>Slide Method (7.3%);operation factor: MPT (63.6%)>Slide Method (22.0%)>MGT (0.0%). Conclusion There are some deficiencies in three ABO blood group detection methods, the accuracy of MGT is higher than that of MPT and slide method. It is suggested that the combination of positive and negative typing be used to compensate for the deficiency of positive typing and provide accurate ABO blood type results for clinical transfusion treatment.