复合蛋白源替代鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、生理代谢和生化组成的影响

Effects of dietary fishmeal replacement with protein mixtures on growth performance,physiological metabolism and biochemical composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

文章研究了复合蛋白源替代饲料中不同水平(0%、16.67%、33.33%、50%和66.67%,分别记为饲料1~#～5~#)的鱼粉对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹成活、生长、生理代谢和生化组成的影响。结果显示:1)随着鱼粉替代水平增加,幼蟹终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率和肝胰腺指数均呈先升后降的趋势,2~#组最高(P<0.05);2)肝胰腺中的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活力和丙二醛含量均为4~#组最高,而超氧化物歧化酶活力在1~#组最高(P<0.05);血清中的谷丙转氨酶活力在5~#组最高,甘油三酯含量和超氧化物歧化酶活力则以4~#组最高,而丙二醛含量在2~#组最高(P<0.05);3) 1~#组躯体的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均显著高于其他组,而总碳水化合物含量在2~#组最高(P<0.05)。躯体半胱氨酸含量在4~#组最高,而其他氨基酸与总氨基酸含量均在2~#组最高(P<0.05)。结果表明,饲料中过高的鱼粉替代水平(33%～67%)会降低中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能和躯体营养物质的积累,对生理代谢产生不良影响,建议中华绒螯蟹幼蟹饲料中复合蛋白源替代鱼粉的比例为16.67%。

We investigated the effects of different levels(0%,16.67%,33.33%,50% and 66.67%,represented as Diet 1# to 5# treatments)of fishmeal replacement by protein mixtures on the survival,growth,physiological metabolism and body biochemical composition of juvenile Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis).The results show that:1)the final body mass,weight gain rate,specific growth rate and hepatosomatic index firstly increased and then decreased with increasing dietary fish meal replacement level,and the highest values were detected in Diet 2# treatment(P<0.05).2)The highest levels of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT),glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)and malondialdehyde in hepatopancreas were detected in Diet 4# treatment,while Diet 1# treatment had the highest activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in hepatopancreas(P<0.05).The highest activity of GPT in the serum was detected in Diet 5# treatment,and the highest triglyceride(TG)content and SOD activity were detected in Diet 4# treatment(P<0.05),while the highest malondialdehyde(MDA)content was detected in Diet 2# treatment.3)The contents of crude protein and crude lipid in the juvenile crab's body in Diet 1# treatment were significantly higher than those in the other treatments,while the highest total carbohydrate content was detected in Diet 2#(P<0.05).For the body amino acids,the highest cysteine(Cys)content was detected in Diet 4# treatment,and the highest contents of other amino acids and total amino acids(TAA)were detected in Diet 2#(P<0.05).In conclusion,excessive dietary fishmeal replacement(33%-67%)can reduce the growth performance and accumulation of nutrients in juvenile crab's body,having a negative effect on physiological metabolism.The appropriate dietary fishmeal replacement level is suggested to be about 20%.