文化交流对中国特色农产品出口的影响——以中国茶叶出口为例

The Influence of Cultural Exchange on the Export of Chinese Characteristic Agricultural Products:Taking China Tea Export as an Example

跨国文化交流有助于传播异国饮食文化,增强在地体验,可能促进国家之间特色农产品贸易。文章采用贸易引力模型,以茶叶作为中国特色农产品的典型案例,根据2004-2015年中国与43个国家的面板数据资料,并基于时间维度,将华人移民、来华留学与来华旅游作为长、中、短期中外文化交流的代理变量,实证研究文化交流对中国特色农产品出口的实际影响。研究结果显示:来华留学、来华旅游能够显著促进中国茶叶的出口,而华人移民的促进效果并不显著;进一步研究发现,来华留学因素在来华旅游促进中国茶叶出口的过程中具有完全的中介效应,并呈现较强的稳健性;因而将来华留学因素作为中外文化交流的主要代理变量进行研究。在作用机制方面,来华留学因素与人均收入对中国茶叶出口具有显著的互补效应,且能够缓解文化差异扩大所带来的负面效应,该结论在分国家样本中得到进一步验证。在分品类效应的比较方面,相较于红茶,来华留学更能促进绿茶的出口;相较于大宗茶,来华留学更能促进高档茶出口。实证研究验证了大多数假说。因此,中国可以更好地依托来华留学生群体开展中外文化交流,促进茶叶等中国特色农产品的出口贸易。

Transnational Cultural Exchange helps to disseminate foreign food culture and enhance the experience, which may promote the international trade of characteristic agricultural products (ab. CAPs). By using the trade gravity model, based on 2004-2015 panel data of China and 43 countries, taking the Chinese immigrants, overseas students and tourists as the proxy variables in the long, medium and short-term cultural exchange, taking tea as a typical case of Chinese CAP, this paper makes the empirical study on the actual impact of cultural exchange on the export of Chinese CAPs. The results show that China tea export can be significantly promoted by overseas students and tourists in China, and Chinese immigrants do not have a significant impact on export. Further study found that overseas students in the process of tourists in China to promote the export of Chinese tea has a complete mediation effect, which demonstrates strong robustness;therefore, the following research takes overseas students in China as the main agent variable of transnational cultural exchanges. In terms of mechanism, per capita income and overseas students has significant complementary effect on the export of Chinese tea, overseas students can make up for the negative effects of cultural differences, the results are further confirmed in the sub-national sample. On the comparison of category effect, compared with black tea, overseas students can promote the export of green tea better;compared with ordinary tea, overseas students can promote the export of high-grade tea better. Empirical research has verified the majority of hypotheses in this paper. Finally, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward to better relying on overseas student groups to conduct cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, so as to promote the export of such Chinese CAPs as tea.