非法规避版权保护技术措施类行为的刑法应对——以美国法为对象的比较研究

Criminal Law Dealing with Illegal Circumvention of Technical Measures of Copyright Protection——A Comparative Study of Copyright Law of U.S.

我国并没有直接规制非法规避版权保护措施类行为的刑事条款,司法实践中采用扩大解释"发行"的概念或者采用类似共犯的理论来处理这些犯罪行为,但这两种方案都存在较大的弊端。美国版权法对于非法规避控制接触作品的技术措施、非法提供规避设施行为的规制,为解决这一难题提供了一定的立法借鉴,这种规制方法在刑事政策上具有重大的意义,其应对机制上的特色也值得学习。我国在应对此类犯罪的立法上,对于直接规避类的行为应当仅仅打击针对控制接触作品的技术措施的行为,同时要把握"距离原则",打击提供、交易规避版权保护技术设施的行为。

There are no criminal clauses regarding circumvention of technological measures. In judicial practice, theories of expanding interpretation of "distribution" or complicity are adopted to deal with these crimes, but both of them have disadvantages. However, American copyright law which contains violations regarding circumvention of technological measures and traffic in device that circumvent the measures provides some legislative reference for solving the problem. China should legislate against circumventing technological measures that effectively control access to a work and make it wrong to traffic in devices that circumvent technological measures.