不同土壤容重条件下水分亏缺对作物生长和水分利用的影响

Effects of Water Deficit on Crop Growth and Water Use Under Different Soil Bulk Densities

为探究不同土壤容重和不同程度水分亏缺条件下冬小麦-夏玉米生长指标及产量的变化。采用桶栽土培法,分别设置3种土壤容重(1.2,1.4,1.6 g/cm^3)和3个土壤水分控制下限(低水分50%田间持水量、中水分60%田间持水量和高水分70%田间持水量),研究不同土壤容重和水分亏缺对冬小麦—夏玉米根系、生长指标、耗水量、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明:随水分亏缺程度的加剧,冬小麦和夏玉米生长指标、生物量、耗水量和产量均呈降低趋势。随土壤容重增加,冬小麦生物量和产量呈先升高再降低的趋势,冬小麦耗水量和水分利用效率呈降低趋势;而夏玉米产量、耗水量和水分利用效率均呈降低趋势。试验中,1.4,1.2 g/cm^3分别为冬小麦和夏玉米生长的最适土壤容重。土壤容重与水分处理互作对夏玉米株高、耗水量和水分利用效率有极显著影响,而对冬小麦和夏玉米生物量及产量无显著影响。研究结果可为黄淮海地区作物绿色增产增效及水土资源高效利用提供理论参考。

In order to study the changes of growth index and yield of winter wheat and summer maize under different soil bulk densities and different degrees of water deficit,a bucket-planting experiment was conducted.Three soil bulk densities were set up: 1.2 g/cm^3,1.4 g/cm^3,1.6 g/cm^3,and three lower limits of soil moisture control: 50%,60% and 70% of field water-holding capacity,respectively.The root system,growth index,water consumption,yields and water use of winter wheat-summer maize were studied.The results showed that with the increases of water deficit,the growth index,biomass,water consumption and yield of winter wheat and summer maize decreased.With the increases of soil bulk densities,the biomass and yield of winter wheat increased first and then decreased,and the water consumption and water use efficiency of winter wheat decreased;the yield,water consumption and water use efficiency of summer maize decreased.In the experiment,1.4 g/cm^3 and 1.2 g/cm^3 were the optimum soil bulk densities for winter wheat and summer maize,respectively.The interaction between soil bulk density and water treatment had a significant effect on plant height,water consumption and water use efficiency of summer maize,but there was no significant effect on biomass and yield of winter wheat and summer maize.These results could provide a theoretical reference for increasing yield and increasing efficiency of crops and efficient utilization of soil and water resources in Huanghuai area.