黄浦江中游5种典型林分枯落物和土壤水源涵养能力研究

Water Conservation Capacities of Litters and Soils in Five Typical Stands in the Middle Reaches of Huangpu River

为了解黄浦江流域中游典型人工纯林枯落物和土壤的水源涵养能力,提高流域内水源涵养林建设保护与经营管理水平,选择黄浦江中游东岸的浦江郊野公园内的5种典型人工纯林(香樟林、桂花林、栾树林、无患子林和池杉林)作为研究对象,采用环刀法、烘干法与室内浸泡法对林分地表枯落物和土壤的水源涵养能力进行研究,并结合枯落物有效拦蓄量和土壤有效蓄水量来定量比较5种林分枯落物层和土壤层的水源涵养能力。结果表明:(1)5种林分枯落物有效拦蓄量为7.74～27.90 t/hm^2,表现为池杉林>无患子林>桂花林>栾树林>香樟林。(2)土壤有效蓄水量为104.87～174.01 t/hm^2,表现为栾树林>无患子林>香樟林>池杉林>桂花林。(3)林分枯落物有效拦蓄量和土壤有效蓄水量的总和为116.79～184.17 t/hm^2,表现为栾树林、无患子林的枯落物和土壤水源涵养能力较强,池杉林次之,香樟林与桂花林较弱。因此,在今后水源涵养林的建设管理过程中可优先选择落叶阔叶树种,适当种植针叶树种与常绿阔叶树种,加强对地表枯枝落叶层的保护,使林分更好地发挥其涵养水源的能力。

In order to understand the water conservation capacity of litters and soils in different forest types in the Huangpu River,and improve the protection and management level of water conservation forests,this paper took five typical artificial pure forests (the Cinnamomum camphora forest,Osmanthus fragrans forest,Koelreuteria paniculata foerst,Sapindus mukorossi forest and Taxodium ascendens forest) in the Pujiang Country Park on the east side of the middle reaches of the Huangpu River as the research object.Water conservation capacities of the litter layer and soil layer in different forest stands were studied by cutting-ring method,drying method and indoor immersion method.The water conservation capacities were also quantitatively compared by combining the modified interception amounts of the litters and the effective water storage capacities of the soils.The results showed that the modified interception amounts of the litters in the five forest stands were 7.74~27.90 t/hm^2,Taxodium ascendens forest> Sapindus mukorossi forest> Osmanthus fragrans forest> Koelreuteria paniculata foerst> Cinnamomum camphora forest.The effective water storage capacities of the soils in the five forest stands were 104.87~174.01 t/hm^2,Koelreuteria paniculata foerst> Sapindus mukorossi forest> Cinnamomum camphora forest> Taxodium ascendens forest> Osmanthus fragrans forest.The sum of the modified interception amounts of the litters and the effective water storage capacities of the soils were 116.79~184.17 t/hm^2.It showed that the litters and soils in Koelreuteria paniculata and Sapindus mukorossi forests had the stronger water conservation capacities,followed by Taxodium ascendens,Cinnamomum camphora and Osmanthus fragrans forests.Therefore,during the construction and management of water conservation forest in the future,it is suggested that deciduous broad-leaved tree species should be selected as a priority,and coniferous tree species and evergreen broad-leaved tree species be properly planted,and the protection of the surface litter layer could be strengthened,so that the forest could play better role in water conservation.