不同苹果砧穗组合对阿拉尔盐碱地的响应

Response of Different Apple Rootstock Combinations to Alar Saline-alkali Land

为促进南疆特色苹果产业发展,通过对阿拉尔国家科技园区新引进的11个苹果砧穗组合的死亡情况、黄化情况、新稍生长情况、色素含量及生理指标等的调查研究,并判断最适应当地生长的品种。结果表明:新稍长度、粗度与叶绿素含量的多少没有密切的相关性,各品种之间的色素含量变化较小,也无明显的差异性。渗透调节物质的含量与其主要性均跟植物种类与环境相关,海棠/SH/华瑞组合的渗透调节物质以可溶性糖含量和游离脯氨酸含量为主。海棠/M26/华瑞组合的叶片中MDA含量、SOD活性、POD活性及CAT活性均较低;海棠/M26/红珍珠(华佳)组合的叶片中MDA含量较高,但SOD活性、POD活性及CAT活性较低;而海棠/SH/华瑞、T337自根砧/华瑞、T337自根砧/华硕叶片中的MDA含量和SOD活性均相对较高。综合上述指标及其田间生长情况、定植成活率和越冬死亡率对11个砧穗组合进行综合评价,初步得出T337自根砧/华硕在阿拉尔的适应性最好,其次为海棠/SH/华瑞和T337自根砧/华瑞。

In order to promote the development of characteristic apple industry in southern Xinjiang,we investigated the death,yellowing,new shoot growth,pigment content and physiological indexes of 11 apple rootstock combinations newly introduced in Alar National Science and Technology Park,and judge the most suitable variety for local growth.The results showed that there was no close correlation between the new shoot length,the diameter and the chlorophyll content,and the changes in the pigment content between the varieties were small and there was no significant difference.The content of osmotic adjustment substances and their main characteristics were related to plant species and environment.In the paper,the osmotic adjustment substances of Haitang/SH/Huarui mainly contain soluble sugar content and free proline content.MDA content,SOD activity,POD activity and CAT activity in Haitang/M26/Huarui leaves were lower;Haitang/M26/Red Pearl(Huajia) leaves had higher MDA content,but SOD activity,POD activity and CAT activity were lower;and the MDA content and SOD activity of Haitang/SH/Huarui,T337 self-rooted anvil/Huarui,T337 self-rooted anvil/Huashuo were relatively high.Based on the above indicators and their field growth,colonization survival rate and wintering mortality,a comprehensive evaluation of 11 rootstock combinations was carried out.It was concluded that T337 self-rooted anvil/Huashuo had the best adaptability in Alar,followed by Haitang/SH/ Huarui and T337 self-rooted anvil/Huarui.