仁化县野生白毛茶群落特征及保护对策

Community Characteristics and Protection Measures of Wild Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba in Renhua County

以广东仁化县董塘镇及红山镇5个分布有野生白毛茶Camellia sinensis var. pubilimba的生存群落为对象,开展样方调查及群落生态学分析,以期明确野生白毛茶的生长状况及保护对策。结果表明:(1) 5个有野生白毛茶分布的群落,共分布有维管植物177种,隶属于63科119属,其中蕨类植物13科17属21种,被子植物49科101属155种;(2)白毛茶野生种群分布于毛竹Phyllostachys heterocycla、杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata群落演替而成的次生林,群落上层以毛竹、杉木、华润楠Machilus chinensis、罗浮柿Diospyros morrisiana为优势种,灌木层以白毛茶、红背山麻杆Alchornea trewioides、绒毛山胡椒Lindera nacusua、八角枫Alangium chinense为优势种,草本层以乌毛蕨Blechnumorientale、蔓生莠竹Microstegiumfasciculatum、三叶崖爬藤Tetrastigma hemsleyanum等占优势;(3)除次生林外,其余群落中草本层Simpson指数、Shannon-wiener指数及均匀度均高于乔木层及灌木层,这可能是自然演替进程与人类砍伐活动综合作用的结果;(4)野生白毛茶更适合处于中度干扰的次生林中,较为湿润的阳坡利于其发展;(5)野生白毛茶数量虽多,共258株,却均为小苗,且生长状况并不理想,需及时采取有效的保护措施就地保护、适度干扰,同时加强民众教育保护现有野生资源,扩大野生种群调查范围,兼顾回归实验。

Four artificial bamboo communities and one virgin community of Camellia sinensis var.pubilimba in Renhua county,Guangdong province were studied by quadrate investigation and community ecology analysis.The results showed that:(1)In 5 wild Camellia sinensis communities,there were 177 species of vascular plants,belonging to 119 genera in 63 families,including 21 species of pteridophytes belonging to 17 genera in 13 families,and 155 species of seed plants belonging to 101 genera in 49 families.(2)The dominant species in the tree layer were Phyllostachys heterocycle&Cunninghamia lanceolate(artificial bamboo community)or Machilus chinensis&Luculia gratissima(virgin community);the dominant species in the shrub layer were Camellia sinensis var.pubilimba,Alchornea trewioides,Lindera nacusua;The dominant species in the herb layer were Blechnum orientale,Microstegium fasciculatum,Tetrastigma hemsleyanum.(3)In addition to the secondary forests,Simpson index,Shannon-wiener index and evenness of herb layer in other communities were higher than those of tree layer and shrub layer,which may be the result of the combined action of natural succession process and human logging activity.(4)Wild Camellia sinensis var.pubilimba was more suitable for secondary forest under moderate disturbance.The relatively wet sunny slope was conducive to its development.(5)There were 258 wild Camellia sinensis var.pubilimba strains in 5 communities,but they were all seedlings,and the growth condition was not very well.Effective protection and moderate interference should be taken,meanwhile,the public education should be carried out to protect the existing wild resources.