车用燃料电池冷启动研究进展与影响因素综述

Research Progress and Influence Factors of Vehicle Fuel Cell Cold Start

冷启动问题是制约燃料电池汽车在高寒地区应用的重要技术瓶颈。本文首先简要介绍了车用燃料电池冷启动技术的研究历程和未来的技术目标。之后,从电堆设计和优化的角度,结合近年来国内外相关技术文献,深入解析了微孔层(MPL)、流场形式以及冷启动预热方式对燃料电池冷启动性能的影响。指出使用接触角较大的微孔层、使用具有高流速、高压降和高对流的流场结构和采用分组、分阶段预热策略能够有效提升燃料电池的冷启动性能。为燃料电池电堆设计和开发工作提供了思路及参考依据。

The cold start problem is an important technical bottleneck that restricts the application of fuel cell vehicles in the cold region. In this paper, the research history and future technical targets of cold start technology for vehicle fuel cells are briefly introduced. Then, the influence of Micro Porous Layer (MPL), flow field and cold start preheating mode on the cold start performance of fuel cells was analyzed from the perspective of stack design and optimization, combined with relevant technical literatures at home and abroad in recent years. It is pointed out that the cold start-up performance of fuel cells can be effectively improved by using MPL with large contact angle, using flow field structure with high velocity, high pressure drop and high convection, and adopting grouping and staged preheating strategy. It provides ideas and directions for the design and development of fuel cell stack.