郑州主城区公园绿地可达性与访问偏好匹配度的空间格局研究

Spatial Patterns of the Mismatch Degree between the Accessibility and the Visiting Preference for All Parks in the Main City of Zhengzhou

现有对城市公园绿地利用的评价多从人均公园绿地面积、绿地覆盖率等指标衡量,忽略了对绿地使用者(城市居民)的关注,致使很难真正从评价结果得知公园绿地的空间配置是否合理。从公园绿地的可达性与居民的访问偏好等要素着眼,探究两者匹配程度,采用腾讯宜出行及百度规划路径时间等开源大数据,更具客观性、真实性地评价了郑州主城区公园绿地。结果表明:郑州主城区街旁绿地访问密度均值最高,专类公园访问密度均值最低,街旁绿地可达性高,社区公园次之,专类公园可达性在部分区域较好。郑州主城区公园绿地整体利用匹配度较差,其中综合公园利用匹配度最高,社区公园与街旁绿地次之,分布在郊区的专类公园匹配度最低,未能被妥善利用。绿化程度、社会活力、地价、绿地面积和形态指数对城市公园绿地的利用匹配度有影响,但对不同种类的公园绿地影响程度不同。因此,可以有选择地提高这些指标来改善相应公园绿地的利用匹配度。

In the existing evaluation of the utilization of urban park, most of the indexes such as per capita park green space area or the percentage of park coverage, ignoring the concern of urban resident, which makes it difficult to know whether the spatial allocation of park is reasonable. This paper focuses on the accessibility of park and the visiting preference of resident, and puts forward the matching index of park. It evaluates parks more objectively and authentically by using open source data such as “Easygo” data and Baidu map planned route time. The results showed that the mean value of visit density of street garden is the highest and at theme park is relatively lower, and the accessibility of the street garden is higher, followed by the community park, the theme park in terms of accessibility is good only in some areas. The matching index of park green space in Zhengzhou is poor in general. Among them, the matching degree of comprehensive park is the highest, whereas community park and street garden not so much high. The matching degree of the theme park in the suburbs is the lowest and they are not properly used currently. Greening degree, social vitality, land price, green space area and landscape shape index have the impacts on the matching index of park, while for the different kinds of park green space, their influence factors are various. Therefore, the matching index of park could be enhanced by improving corresponding influence factors.