从莱布尼茨“单子”概念看西方形而上学的创生模式

On the Creation Mode of Western Metaphysics from Leibnitz's Concept of Monad

莱布尼茨在通过对事物进行形而上学的审视和判断中,找到了继笛卡尔物质实体的广延之后另一个无广延的实体,也就意味找到了构成物质的物及物的属性两者之间相互统一的关系最小"单元"—单子。《单子论》作为莱布尼茨形而上学的开端,是一部与"实体论"相关的形而上学著作,这种实体论不再是从一个"证成"的实体来建构外在世界和灵魂世界的形而上学,而是从内部为行动的准则赋予包括物质实体在内的运动形式,也就是从实体的运动形式找到了通往"精神世界"的形而上学。

Leibnitz found another entity without extensive after Descartes substance entity extension through metaphysical examination and judgment of things,which means that he found the smallest "unit"-- monad,which is the unified relation between the substance and its properties. As the beginning of Leibniz metaphysics,List Theory is a metaphysical book associated with "ontology",and this kind of entity theory is no longer the metaphysics constructing the external world and the spirit world from a "proof" entity,but the form of motion,with operative norm from the inside giving material substance,i.e. the metaphysics finding the way to the "spiritual world" through the motion form of entity.