聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维膜/涤纶针刺毡过滤复合材料的制备及性能

Preparation and characterization of polyethylene terephthalate nanofiber membrane/polyester needle felt composite filters

利用静电纺丝技术制备了不同纺丝时间的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纳米纤维膜,将PET纳米纤维膜、热熔型胶膜及涤纶针刺毡通过热处理复合,制备了三明治结构的PET纳米纤维膜/涤纶针刺毡过滤复合材料,利用SEM分析了PET纳米纤维膜形貌,通过TGA确定了PET纳米纤维膜的热处理条件,对不同纺丝时间的PET纳米纤维膜/涤纶针刺毡过滤复合材料透气性能、过滤性能进行了研究。结果表明:纺丝液浓度为18%,纺丝电压为15kV,接收距离为21cm,环境温度为13℃,环境湿度为20%条件下得到的PET纳米纤维膜纤维平均直径为514.95nm;PET纳米纤维膜与涤纶针刺毡的复合温度为115℃;随纺丝时间的增加,PET纳米纤维膜的密度增加,PET纳米纤维膜/涤纶针刺毡过滤复合材料对颗粒物的过滤效率增大,透气性下降,当密度为3.86g/m2时,PET纳米纤维膜/涤纶针刺毡过滤复合材料的过滤性能最优,其品质因子QF明显优于常规涤纶针刺毡,对1μm以下颗粒物的过滤效率均高于93%,效率提高了58%以上,表现出优异的过滤性能。

The polyethylene terephthalate(PET)nanofiber membranes with different spinning times were prepared by electrospinning technique.The PET nanofiber membrane,hot melt membrane and polyester needle felt were heat-treated and composited to prepare the sandwich structure of PET nanofiber membrane/polyester needle felt composite filters.The morphology of PET nanofiber membranes and heat treatment conditions of nanofiber membranes were analyzed by SEM and TGA.The air permeability and filtration performance of the PET nanofiber membrane/polyester needle felt composite filters with different spinning times were studied.The results indicate that the average diameter of the fibers of PET nanofiber membrane is 514.95 nm under the conditions of 18%spinning solution concentration,15 kV spinning voltage,21 cm receiving distance,13℃ ambient temperature and 20% ambient humidity.115℃is the suitable composite temperature of PET nanofiber membrane/polyester needle felt composite filters.With the increase of spinning time,the density and filtration efficiency of PET nanofiber membrane/polyester needle felt composite filters to particles increase,and air permeability decrease.With 3.86 g/m2 density,the filtration performance of PET nanofiber membrane/polyester needle felt composite filters is the best,and the quality factor QFis obviously better than conventional polyester needle felt.The filtration efficiency of particles below 1μm is higher than 93%and the efficiency is improved by 58%.The PET nanofiber membrane/polyester needle felt composite filters show excellent filtration performance.