不同防控措施对温室番茄品质、产量及发病率的影响

Effects of Different Control Measures on Tomato Quality,Yield and Disease Incidence in Greenhouse

为研究不同防控措施对温室番茄产量、品质及发病率的影响,明确温室番茄优质高产的防控措施,以"瑞粉一号"番茄为试验材料,设置对照(W1)、化学防控对氯苯氧乙酸点花(W2)、生物防控对氯苯氧乙酸点花(W3)、生物防控熊蜂授粉(W4)共4个处理,检测番茄的单果重、维生素C、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、糖酸比、固酸比、口感接受度、生理性病害果发生率、晚疫病发病率、灰霉病发病率、叶霉病发病率共12项指标,应用主成分分析法对12项指标进行综合评价。结果表明,12项指标归为2个主成分,代表88.57%的主要品质性状遗传信息量,不同处理的综合得分排名为W4>W3>W2>W1。不同防控措施中W4处理(生物防控措施下熊蜂授粉)综合得分最高,且该处理的植株田间长势好、发病率低。因此,通过生物防控病虫害措施,结合熊蜂授粉,能提高番茄果实产量和品质,减少病害发生,为番茄栽培提供技术指导。

Taking tomato " Ruifen 1" as experimental material, this paper studied the effect of different control measures on tomato fruit quantity, quality and disease incidence in greenhouse, so as to identify the best prevention and control measure for high quality and high yield of tomato in greenhouse. The paper set up 4 treatments, including the control (Wl), chemical pest prevention and P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid pollination ( W2), biological pest prevention and P-chlorophenoxyacetic acid pollination ( W3), biological pest prevention and bumblebee pollination (W4). The main components analysis method was used to evaluate the twelve indexesincluding single fruit weight, vitamin C content, titrate acid content, soluble sugar content, soluble solid content, sugar acid ratio, solid acid rate, taste acceptance, physiological disease fruit incidence rate, late blight incidence rate, gray mold incidence rate, and leaf mold incidence rate. The results showed that the 12 indicators of the tested tomato were converted into 2 principal components, representing 88.57% genetic information of the main quality traits. Comprehensive score ranking was W4 >W3 > W2 > W1. Treatment W4 ( bumblebee pollination under biological prevention measure) had the highest comprehensive score. The plants under W4 treatment had good field conditions and low disease incidence rate. Therefore, through biological control measures combined with bumblebee pollination can improve tomato yield and quality, reduce disease occurrence. These results provided technological guidance for tomato cultivation.