石楠与火棘的传粉生态学特性比较研究

Comparative Study on Pollination Ecology of Photinia serrulata and Pyracantha fortuneana in the Same Flowering Period

为了研究石楠(Photinia serrulate)和火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)的传粉生态学特性,我们定位观测了移栽到烟台的石楠和火棘的访花者种类、访花行为和访花频率,对两种植物的花粉活力、不同贮藏温度下花粉萌发率、柱头可授性、传粉效果和不同处理下的种子萌发率进行了检测.结果显示:石楠和火棘的花粉活力均在90%以上,石楠的花粉活力能够保持3 d,火棘的花粉活力能够保持4 d;不同温度之间的花粉萌发率差异较大,石楠的花粉最适萌发温度为20℃,火棘的花粉最适萌发温度为30℃;石楠和火棘的柱头可授性在开花后第二天达到最强;访花者以意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)、黑带食蚜蝇(Episyrphus balteatus)为主,石楠花序上的访花行为是"跳跃式",火棘花序上的访花行为是"连续性访花";传粉效果显示食蚜蝇科(Syrphidae)、叶甲科(Chrysomelidae)、蝇科(Muscidae)的昆虫访花行为能够提高石楠和火棘座果率;石楠种子的千粒重为9.90±2.16 g,火棘种子的千粒重为3.14±0.45 g.层积处理能够促进种子的萌发.

The pollination ecology of Photinia serrulata and Pyracantha fortuneana in Rosaceae was investigated in this paper.The pollen vigor,pollen germination rate,stigma receptivity,visitors,pollination behavior and frequency,pollination effect and seed germination rate under different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that the pollen viability of Photinia serrulata and Pyracantha fortuneana were above 90%,the pollen viability of Photinia serrulata could be maintained for 3 days,and that of Pyracantha fortuneana could be maintained for 4 days.The pollen germination rate varied greatly between different temperatures.The optimum temperature for Photinia serrulata was 20 ℃,and that for Pyracantha fortuneana was 30 ℃.The stigma receptivity of Photinia serrulata and Pyracantha fortuneana reached the strongest on the second day after flowering.Flower visitors were mainly pollinators of Hymenoptera (bee) and Diptera (Flies) as secret stealers.Flower visits on inflorescence were jumping and flower visits on sparkling thorn inflorescence were “horizontal push”.Pollination results showed that the visiting behavior of aphid-eating flies,beetles and flies could improve the fruit setting rate of Photinia serrulata and Pyracantha fortuneana .The 1000-grain weight of Photinia serrulata seeds was 9.90±2.16 g and that of Pyracantha fortuneana seeds was 3.14±0.45 g.Stratification treatment can promote seed germination.