美军战场联合搜救解析

Analysis about the combat joint search and rescue of US military

搜救是对因灾难、意外事故、遇险事件等突发情况而导致的人员受困、受伤、失联或失踪的一种应急措施。战场联合搜救(combat joint search and rescue,CSAR)是由专门组建的战斗单元执行搜索并援救存在或被认为存在生命危险的人员,其中包含搜救、转运、救治、后勤保障等要素,是一种集搜救、援助、保障于一体的联合行动。我军的CSAR尚处在初步规划、设计、建设阶段,本文参考美军及北约的相关搜救指导纲要,系统阐述了美军CSAR的程序、定位、方法和力量构成等,为探索建设我军特色的搜救体系、提升CSAR能力水平提供参考。

Search and rescue is an emergency measure for people trapped, injured, lost or missing due to unexpected situations such as disasters, accidents, and distress incidents. Combat joint search and rescue (CSAR) is a joint effort combining search and rescue, assistance and support and sending a special combat unit to search and rescue people who are or considered to be in danger, including search and rescue, transfer, treatment, logistics support, etc. The CSAR of Chinese army is still in its initial stage. This article reviews the relevant search and rescue guidelines of US military and NATO, describes the procedures, positioning, methods and power composition of the US military CSAR, so as to provide reference for Chinese army to construct a search and rescue system with Chinese characteristic and to improve the CSAR level.