欧盟反假币概况

Perspective on Combating against Currency Counterfeiting in European Union

作为欧洲一体化的重要证明和成就,自2002年1月1日欧元纸币和硬币正式发行以来,欧元已经成为由欧盟19个成员国构成的欧元区使用的统一货币。目前,欧元已经成为仅次于美元的世界第二大货币,截至2016年,流通中的欧元总价值超过1.2万亿欧元,欧元区中共有3.4亿人使用欧元,其他国家中使用欧元的约有1.5亿人。同时,欧元作为一种通货膨胀率很低的稳定货币,也成为伪造货币者的目标, 2003年以来,流通领域每年收缴假欧元3000万～4000万欧元。自欧元诞生之初,欧盟在不断提高欧元防伪技术的同时,也在打击假币犯罪的法律、组织、机制建设方面加强对欧元的保护,欧盟委员会负责制定保护欧元的政策,组织协调欧洲央行及各成员国央行、欧洲刑警与国际刑警及各个国家执法机构,联合打击假欧元犯罪。本文介绍欧盟假币犯罪现状、反假币机构和立法情况,以及对我国反假币工作的启示。

As an important proof and achievement of European integration, Euro has become the official and single currency in the so-called Euro zone, which consists of 19 countries among the 28 EU (European Union) states, since the physical Euro banknotes and coins flowed into ci rculation on January 1, 2002. Euro is the second most important global currency after the US dollar. At the end of the year 2016, the total value of circulating Euro is more than 1,200 billion. Presently, Euro is being used with 340 million people in the Euro zone and 150 million in the other countries. As a stable global currency of low inflation rate, Euro certainly allures counterfeiters to fabricate, causing about 30 - 40 million of counterfeit Euro to be withdrawn from the circulation each year since 2003. Ever since its birth, Euro has been protected with various security precautions by EU through the enhanced anti-fake technologies. More essentially, EU has implemented measures of legislation, organization and mechanism construction to strengthen the Euro protection. The European Commission is responsible for stipulating Euro protection policies;organizing and coordinating among European central bank, each member states’ central banks, Europol, Interpol and other national law-enforcing agencies, so as to jointly crack down on Euro-counterfeiting crimes. This paper introduces of EU about the status quo of currency-counterfeiting crime, the agencies of anti-counterfeiting currency and legislation, and the inspiration for our country to fight against the counterfeiting currency crimes.