丽水山地油茶幼林施肥技术研究

Experiment on Different Fertilization to Young Camellia oleifera ‘Changlin 40’ Stand in Jinyun

为了保障油茶Camellia oleifera高产,稳产,提高肥料利用率,分别于2015年和2016年在丽水市缙云县栗坑村鹿坪农场‘长林40号’油茶良种林进行了为期两年的田间试验,比较了3种不同施肥方式(生物有机肥2.5kg·株^(-1),三元素复合肥0.5kg·株^(-1),不施肥作为对照)和采用不同时期肥料用量配比试验,对油茶春梢量、落果数和成熟果数的影响。结果表明,在增加施肥的情况下,春梢的抽发量、结果数、总采果数、优质果的数量都明显高于对照组。春梢抽发量二次施肥最好;落果数与施肥次数呈反比;6月施用保果肥对果实的增大有明显效果,同时减少了落果,提高了产量;油茶籽产量三次施肥处理最优;各处理间油茶籽产量呈极显著差异,差异为:三次施肥>二次施肥>一次施肥>对照。三次施肥是本研究区域最佳的施肥模式,这对于实现油茶的高产稳产,肥料的节约利用具有重要意义。

Plantation of 2-year container Camellia oleifera ‘Changlin 40' seedlings was implemented in 2010 in Jinyun of Zhejiang province. Fertilizations of bio-organic fertilizer 2.5 kg/tree, compound fertilizer 0.5 kg/tree were conducted in March, June and November of 2014. Determinations were carried out on spring shoots, fruit-setting number, harvested fruit, large-diameter fruit in 2015 and 2016. The resulted demonstrated that treatments with fertilization had better performance than the control (non-fertilization). Treatment with fertilization of two times had the most spring shoots. The fruit drop had negative relation with times of fertilization. Fertilization in June had significant effect on increase fruit diameter and decrease of fruit drop. Fertilization of three times had the best yield. It had extremely significant difference of fruit yield among different treatments, which was ordered by fertilization of three times> of two times> of one time>control.