冷杉梢斑螟在林芝云杉上的生物学特性

Biological Characteristics of Dioryctria abietella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis Trees

[目的]确定冷杉梢斑螟在林芝地区林芝云杉上的生物学特性,为以后科学防控该害虫提供依据。[方法]2015年3月至2016年8月通过野外定点观察、室内解剖与室内饲养相结合的方法研究了冷杉梢斑螟的年生活史、各虫态形态特征、习性。[结果]表明:冷杉梢斑螟在林芝地区一年发生一代,以幼虫危害林芝云杉球果果轴、种鳞和种子,且以幼虫在球果内越冬,有滞育现象,无转移危害现象,翌年6月中旬开始羽化为成虫,一直持续到8月上旬,成虫期5～8 d,卵期9～14 d,幼虫期近10.5个月,蛹期25～36 d。[结论]冷杉梢斑螟危害林芝云杉球果,影响林芝云杉林的天然更新,建议每年12月、1月对落地球果和挂在树上的畸形球果进行清理并深埋,以减少冷杉梢斑螟的种群数量和对来年林芝云杉球果的危害。

[Objective] The aim of the study is to determine the biological characteristics of Dioryctria abietella (Denis et Schiffermuller) on Picea likiangensis var. linzhiensis trees in Linzhi area, and provide a scientific basis for the control of this insect.[Method] From March 2015 to August 2016, the life history, morphological characteristics and habits of D. abietella were studied by field survey and laboratory observation.[Result] The results showed that the generation of D. abietella in Linzhi area occurred one generation a year. The larvae damaged the cone fruit shaft, seed scales and seeds of P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis, and the larvae overwintered in the cones, with the phenomenon diapause and no transfer hazard. The adult emergence started in the middle of June and continued until early August. The adult stage was 5 to 8 days, the egg stage was 9 to14 days, the larval stage was about 10.5 months and the pupal stage was 25~36 days.[Conclusion] D. abietella attacked the P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis cones and affected the natural regeneration of P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis forests. In order to reduce the population of D. abietella and the damage to P. likiangensis var. linzhiensis cones, it is suggested that the fallen cones and the malformation cones hanging on the tree should be cleaned and deeply buried in December and January each year.