不同氮、磷、钾施肥配比对油茶花芽分化的影响

Effect of N, P, K Fertilization Proportion on Flower Bud Differentiation of Camellia oleifera

[目的]研究施肥配比对油茶花芽分化的影响,掌握氮、磷、钾最佳施肥配比,为油茶高效栽培提供参考依据。[方法]以8年生‘长林4号’油茶为试验材料,采用3因素3水平的正交试验设计L_9(3~4)进行施肥试验。[结果]研究表明:在试验水平范围内,适量加施氮、钾肥有利于提高油茶花芽分化率;提高油茶花芽分化率的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥配比为N_(222.22)P_(81.83)K_(240.24)。在油茶花芽生理分化期,施氮、磷、钾肥能提高花芽内源激素ABA含量;施氮、磷肥可提高花芽内源激素ZR和IAA含量,而ABA含量与花芽分化率呈中等正相关,且相关性显著,ZR、IAA和GA_3与花芽分化率相关性不显著。在油茶花芽形态分化期,施氮、钾肥能提高花芽内源激素ZR、IAA和GA_3含量,降低花芽内源激素ABA含量。[结论]合理的氮、磷、钾施肥配比可能通过影响油茶花芽分化相关内源激素的含量水平,促进花芽分化,提高花芽分化率。

[Objective] To study the effect of N, P, K fertilization ratios on the flower bud differentiation of Camellia oleifera for the purpose of getting the optimum fertilization proportion and providing a reference for the efficient cultivation of C. oleifera.[Method] The test material was 8-year-old C. oleifera ‘Changlin-4’. Orthogonal design L9(34) with 3 factors and 3 levels fertilization experiment was carried out.[Result] Within the test fertilizer levels, the results showed that adding N and K fertilizers to the soil significantly improved the rate of flower differentiation of C. oleifera;and the optimum N, P, K fertilization proportion was N222.22P81.83K240.24. In the physiological differentiation stage of C. oleifera flower bud, fertilization could promote the flower bud differentiation by increasing ABA content, while the ABA content had a moderate positive correlation with flower bud differentiation rate, and the correlation was significant. The correlation between endogenous hormones (ZR, IAA, GA3) and flower bud differentiation was not significant. In the flower bud morphological differentiation period, the application of N and K increased the flower bud contents of ZR, IAA and GA3, decreased the ABA content of flower bud. And it promoted the flower bud morphogenesis of C. oleifera.[Conclusion] The appropriate ratio of NPK fertilization could promote flower bud differentiation and increase the rate of flower bud differentiation by affecting the level of endogenous hormones related to flower bud differentiation of C. oleifera.