回顾与前瞻:改革开放以来中国3岁以下托幼政策变迁与事业发展

Retrospect and Prospect:China's Childcare Public Services under the Age of 3 in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening up for

3岁以下托幼公共服务是一个涉及多方面、跨领域、多主体的政策和事业发展的实践和理论问题。研究和梳理改革开放40年来中国3岁以下托幼政策变迁与事业发展历程、阶段特征、发展成就和主要经验,可以将其分为改革开放开始至20世纪80年代末、20世纪90年代初至2010年前、2010年至今的三个时期,每个时期有不同的人口与社会经济情况和急需解决的问题,以及不同的托幼发展理念,产生了不同的托幼政策导向、政策选择和事业发展结果,因而具备不同的特点,有不同的经验可供当前借鉴。通过对未来事业发展趋势和面临的问题及挑战进行前瞻性分析,提出在新时期政府应继续承担发展托幼公共服务的主体责任,统筹好儿童、妇女与社会发展的关系,加强政策和实践的创新,适度扩大面向3岁以下婴幼儿的托幼服务等政策建议。

This paper analyzes the development process, stage characteristics, development achievements and main experiences of China’s childcare public services under the age of 3 in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, makes a forward-looking analysis of the future development trend of undertakings and the problems and challenges, and proposes that in the new era, the government should continue to take the main responsibility for the childcare public services, make overall plans for children, women and social development, strengthen the innovation of policies and practices, and appropriately expand the childcare services for children under 3 years old. The purpose of this paper is to provide academic reference for policy, practice and development of research on childcare public services under the age of 3 in the new era.