不孕对女性的影响——基于社会性别视角的个案分析

What Does Infertility Mean to Women? The Impact of Infertility on Women from Gender Perspective

基于对8名不孕妇女的个案访谈考察不孕对女性的影响发现:在个人层面,不孕意味着当事女性身份的不完整,很多人因此不认同自己的女性性别身份;在家庭层面,不孕给婚姻关系埋下隐患;在社会层面,不孕常常会使女性遭遇污名化。作为一种社会建构过程,不孕带给受访者诸多消极影响,这强化了不孕妇女的社会性别角色规范。因不孕而导致的当事女性的不完整感是父权制、污名化等社会性别不平等机制能够起作用的心理基础,而这种感觉在某种程度上又超出了文化视角。

Based on case study of eight infertile women, this paper examines the effect of having no child on such women. At the individual level, having no child means incomplete female identity, therefore, many women do not agree with their gender identity. At the family level, no child often stigmatizes women. As a process of social construction, having no child has many negative effects on the respondents, which strengthens the norms of the gender roles of infertile women. The sense of incompleteness caused by having no child is the psychological basis for the functioning of gender inequality mechanisms such as patriarchy and stigmatization, which goes beyond the cultural perspective to some extent.