学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖对神经心理发育影响的研究

Study on the effects of simple obesity on neuropsychological development in preschool children

目的研究学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖对神经心理发育影响。方法随机抽取2016年6月至2017年6月深圳市福田区妇幼保健院136家托幼机构在园单纯性肥胖儿童120例作为肥胖组,另取同期正常儿童120例作为对照组。分别对两组儿童神经心理发育情况以及气质情况进行评估对比,同时采用自制儿童基本资料调查问卷对两组儿童的家族肥胖史、父母文化程度、喜欢运动与否、喜欢甜食与否以及喂养方式等基本资料进行统计对比,并作多因素Logistic回归分析。结果肥胖组儿童发育商为(94.63±9.38),低于对照组的(101.48±8.79),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肥胖组儿童活动水平、节律性、趋避性、适应性、坚持度、反应阈均低于对照组,而反应强度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肥胖组有家族肥胖史、不喜欢运动、喜欢甜食以及非母乳喂养儿童人数占比分别为56.67%(68/120)、81.67%(98/120)、67.50%(81/120)、68.33%(82/120),高于对照组的28.33%(34/120)、30.83%(37/120)、32.50%(39/120)、35.83%(43/120),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,家族肥胖史、不喜欢运动、喜欢甜食、非母乳喂养均是学龄前儿童单纯性肥的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童单纯性肥胖会对神经心理发育造成一定程度的影响,且与儿童气质密切相关。同时,家族肥胖史、不喜欢运动、喜欢甜食、非母乳喂养均增加了学龄前儿童发生单纯性肥胖的风险,值得临床重点关注。

Objective To study the effects of simple obesity on neuropsychological development in preschool children.Methods From June 2016 to June 2017,a total of 120 children with simple obesity in the Futian Maternity and Child Care Hospital of Shenzhen were enrolled in the study as the obese group.At the same time,120 normal children were recorded as the control group.Children’s neuropsychological assess development situation and temperament of two groups were evaluated and compared respectively.At the same time,the basic data,such as the family history of obesity of children,parents’ cultural degree,likes sports or not,like sweets or not and feeding mode of two groups,was analyzed by using basic data questionnaire.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed.Results The development quotient of children in obese group(94.63±9.38),was lower than that of control group(101.48±8.79),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Obese children’s activity level,rhythmicity,phobotaxis,adaptability,persistence,reaction threshold were lower than those of control group,and the intensity of reaction was higher than that of control group,the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05).The rates of family history of obesity,don’t like sports,like sweets,non-breastfeeding in obese group were 56.67%(68/120),81.67%(98/120)and 67.50%(81/120),68.33%(82/120),which were higher than those of control group[28.33%(34/120),30.83%(37/120),32.50%(39/120),35.83%(43/120)],the differences had statistical significance(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of family obesity,dislike of sports,sweet tooth,and non-breastfeeding were all independent risk factors for the simple obesity of preschool children(P<0.05).Conclusion The simple obesity of preschool children has a certain influence on neuropsychological development and is closely related to children’s temperament.The history of family obesity,the dislike of sports,the preference for sweets,and nonbreastfeeding have all increased the risk of simple obesity in preschool children,which is worthy of clinical attention.