狭义环境损害的民事救济困境及制度救赎

The Dilemma of the Civil Relief to the Narrow Sense of Environmental Damage and Institutional Salvation

狭义环境损害的民事救济面临索赔主体和权利主张方式两大理论困境,而明确索赔主体、明晰权利主张方式是实现狭义环境损害民事救济的前提。美国立法针对狭义环境损害所面临的问题创设了相应制度,根据公共信托原则,确定索赔主体;通过环境公益诉讼制度,提出救济主张。我国尚处于建立环境公益诉讼制度的起步阶段,美国的相关立法具有重要启示,环境公共信托理论和环境公益诉讼制度也是解决狭义环境损害民事救济困境的主要切入点。

The civil relief to the narrow sense of environmental damage is subject to the two theoretical dilemmas, which is the claimant and the way of claim. Defining the claimant and clarifying the way of claim are the premise of realizing the civil remedies for narrow-scale environmental damage. The U. S. legislation establishes a corresponding system for the problems of the narrow-scale environmental damage, by which determining the claimant based on the public trust principle and presenting remedies through the environmental public interest litigation system. China is still at the initial stage of establishing the environmental public interest litigation system. The relevant legislation of the United States can provide important implications for us. The environmental public trust theory and the environmental public interest litigation system are also the main entry points for resolving the dilemma of civil relief to the narrow sense of environmental damage.