自动驾驶汽车准入制度:正当性、要求及策略

Access System for Self-driving Cars: Legitimacy, Requirements and Strategy

自动驾驶汽车准入制度旨在为自动驾驶汽车市场化提供合法性支撑、预防和应对技术的不确定性挑战,寻求道德伦理的正当性。自动驾驶汽车技术所衍生出的新问题要求准入制度作出回应。一是要回应人机共生之后的法权关系改变;二是要回应车辆事故中的民事责任分配;三是要回应创新驱动下的产业发展诉求。完善自动驾驶汽车准入制度要在充分了解自动驾驶汽车的基础上,用一套合理而透明的标准来权衡和量化自动驾驶汽车的能力。有关准入标准本身需要进行修构;标准的取得过程也必须融合民主和理性的双重价值;为了避免过度规制制约产业发展,准入制度还要灵活运用不同的工具,并可以对缺乏适应性的强制性准入标准进行有限豁免。

The access system for self-driving cars is aimed to provide lawful support, prevent and cope with uncertain technological challenges, and seek legitimacy in morals and ethics. New problems existing in the technology of self-driving cars force the access system to respond to: first, changes in the law -right relationship as of the man-machine coexistence;second, allocation of civil liability in car accidents;third, the innovation-driven demands of in dustrial development. To improve the access system for self-driving cars, we should fully learn about such cars and use a set of reasonable and transparent standards to measure and quantify the ability of self-driving cars. To that end, access standards should be moderately modified;the permit of access shall incorporate dual value of democracy and reasonability;to avoid overly restraint of industrial development, the access system shall flexibly adopt different tools and offer limited exemption for mandatory access standards which are not adaptive.