施用解淀粉芽孢杆菌对烟株生长和根际土壤微生物区系的影响

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the Growth of Tobacco and Microflora in Rhizosphere Soil

为进一步提高烟叶品质及产量,研究了施用解淀粉芽孢杆菌生物菌剂对烟株根际土壤微生物区系、烟叶农艺性状以及产量、质量的影响。结果表明,施用生物菌剂(处理T)和未施用生物菌剂(对照C)烟田根际土壤中可培养微生物数量随着烟株生长均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,细菌和放线菌数量在团棵期达到最大,而真菌数量在旺长期达到最大。宏基因组微生物分类测序结果表明,施用生物菌剂对土壤微生物群落结构产生一定的影响,特别是在属水平上。Sphingomonas(鞘氨醇单孢菌属)作为降解土壤有毒物质最有效的细菌属,成熟期处理T比对照C高15.53%;Gibberella(赤霉菌属)作为促进植物生长的真菌属,旺长期处理T比对照C高1 058.60%,且这个时期烟株的农艺性状也表现为处理T优于对照C。处理T烟叶产值比对照C高77.69%。可见,通过施用解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌剂可以改善土壤微生物结构、提高有益菌的含量,改善烟草的农艺性状,进而提高烤烟的产量。

In order to further improve the quality and yield of tobacco,the influences of biological agent(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)on the microbial flora of rhizosphere soil and the agronomic traits,yield and quality were studied.The results showed that the number of culturable microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of the tobacco treated with biological agent(T) increased firstly and then decreased with the growth of the tobacco,which was similar to the control treatment without addition of biological agent(C).Herein,the maximum number of bacteria and actinomycetes was detected at rosette stage,while the number of fungi maximumly arrived at vigorous growth stage.The metagenomic sequencing analysis of microorganisms showed that the application of biological agent obviously influenced the community structure,especially at the level of the genus.As Sphingomonas is the well-known effective microbial genus for the degradation of soil toxic substances,the quantity of Sphingomonas in the treatment was 15.53% higher than that of the control at the maturity period.Gibberella,as one of fungal genus,effectively promotes the growth of tobacco.The quantity of the Gibberella in the treatment was 1 058.60% higher than that of the control at vigorous growth stage.At this stage,the agronomic traits of tobacco in the treatment were better than those of the control.The output value of flue-cured tobacco was 77.69% higher than that of the control.The results confirmed that the application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens could improve the soil microbial structure,and enhance the content of beneficial bacterium in rhizosphere soil,therely improving the agronomic trait of tobacco to increase the yield.