北京地区草莓炭疽病病原鉴定及生物防治药剂筛选

Identification of Pathogens Causing Strawberry Anthracnose and Screening of Biopesticides in Beijing Area

为明确引起北京地区草莓炭疽病的病原种类,并筛选对草莓炭疽病有效的生物药剂,对采自北京部分草莓产区的草莓炭疽病样本进行病原菌分离纯化培养,针对其培养性状、形态特征等方面进行研究,同时选用5种生物药剂对草莓炭疽病进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,北京地区引起草莓炭疽病的病原菌主要为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)和尖孢炭疽菌(C.acutatum),其中C.gloeosporioides为引起北京地区草莓炭疽病的优势菌株。2%绿宝水剂、0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂对草莓炭疽病防效较好,在药后7 d,防效分别为72.7%、74.7%,药后14 d,防效分别为67.4%、65.7%,均高于1%蛇床子素微乳剂、1 000亿个/g枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂、5%氨基寡糖素水剂,且与对照药剂45%咪鲜胺水乳剂没有显著差异。因此,可选用2%绿宝水剂、0.5%大黄素甲醚水剂代替化学农药防治草莓炭疽病。

In order to identify the pathogens causing strawberry anthracnose in Beijing area and screen biopesticides which are effective against the disease,the disease samples from parts of strawberry production areas in Beijing were collected to isolate pathogens,and their incubation traits and morphological characteristics were studied.In addition,five biopesticides were chosen to test the field control effect against strawberry anthracnose.The results showed that the pathogens causing strawberry anthracnose in Beijing were mainly Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C.acutatum.C.gloeosporioides was the dominant one.The field efficacy test results showed that 2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS had good control efficacies,which were 72.7% and 74.7% seven days after treatment,and 67.4% and 65.7% fourteen days after treatment,respectively,all higher than 1% osthol ME, 100 billion spores/g Bacillus subtilis WP and 5% oligosaccharins AS.Moreover,the control effects of 2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS had no significant difference from the control pesticide 45% prochloraz EW.Therefore,2% Lübao AS and 0.5% physcion AS could replace the chemical pesticides to prevent strawberry anthracnose.