养老服务政策:瓶颈与突破——基于江苏实践探索的学理思考

Bottleneck and Breakthrough of Aged Care Service Policy——A Theoretical Reflection Based on the Practice of Jiangsu Province

持续深化的人口老龄化、不断增长的社会化养老需求,催生养老服务政策频出。在落实中央政策的省级实施意见中,江苏不仅打破了以往政策的瓶颈,而且创新突破程度较大,在全国尚属罕见,堪称"养老服务新政"。其中,既包括试图破解养老服务市场开放与公平竞争、民办非营利性养老服务机构管理、金融支持、人才队伍建设、定价机制等方面的政策瓶颈问题,也包括突破一些现行政策法规,允许民办非企业单位连锁经营,给举办人合理回报以及允许出资者转让产权等。江苏养老服务新政引发了诸多学理性思考,其中包括政府目标由管理型向服务型的转变、创造有效的激励相容机制、积极发挥社会组织的公共治理功用以及改革需要适时突破滞后的政策法规等。

The continued aging population and growing social aged care needs have spawned a variety of policies of aging service.Among all the provincial implementation of the central policy, Jiangsu has not only cracked the bottleneck of previous policies, but also made relatively large breakthroughs and innovation, which is quite rare in the country;and even can be called the "New Policy of Aging Services".Among them, the new policy attempts to crack the bottlenecks of marketization of aging services, industrial development, financial support, talent team construction, pricing mechanism and the development of private non-profit aging service institutions.And it also breaks through the predicament of current policies and regulations, especially in the three aspects of the private non-enterprise unit chain, the reasonable return of the organizer and the transfer of property rights of the stakeholders.The new policy of aging services in Jiangsu can lead to much academic thinking, including the transformation of government from management-oriented to service-oriented, the creation of an effective incentive compatibility system, the exertion of public governance in social organizations, and the timely reform of lag behind policies and regulations.