静电纺丝聚合物纳米纤维力学性能表征及凝聚态结构研究进展

A Review on Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers: Characterization and Condensed Structure

聚合物纳米纤维由于其独特的纳米结构和性能特征,在膜材料、生物医用材料等领域具有广阔应用前景。静电纺丝技术是制备聚合物纳米纤维的最有效方法,已获得了广泛应用。作为纤维材料,力学性能是其最重要的物理性能之一。然而,因其尺寸极其微小,聚合物纳米纤维力学性能表征非常困难。近十多年来,科学家开展了系列研究,获得了关于静电纺丝聚合物纳米纤维结构与力学性能的重要研究成果。由于纳米受限等的影响,静电纺丝纳米纤维具有与普通纤维不同的力学性能特征与凝聚态结构。文章综述了表征单根聚合物纳米纤维力学性能的方法,总结了纳米纤维力学性能与其尺寸的依赖关系,简要介绍了描述静电纺聚合物纳米纤维聚集态结构模型,并对纳米纤维结构与性能关系研究进行了展望。

Because of its special structures and performance characteristics,polymer nanofiber is widely used in the field of membrane material and biomedical materials.Electrospinning is the most effective way to prepare polymer nanofibers,and has been widely applied.As a fibrous material,its mechanical property is one of the most important physical properties.However,the characterization of mechanical properties of polymer nanofibers is very difficult due to the nanoscale size.In the recent decade,scientists have carried out a series of studies and gained important research achievements about the structure and mechanical properties of electrospun polymer nanofibers.Due to the impacts of nano limit,electrospun nanofibers own different mechanical properties and condensed state structure from common fibers.The methods for characterization of mechanical properties of single polymer nanofiber were summarized,and the dependence relationship between mechanical properties of nanofibers and the size was summed up in this paper.Meanwhile,several theoretical models describing the condensed structures of polymer nanofibers were introduced.In the end,the research prospects on the relationship between nanofiber structure and properties was also discussed.