辽宁南部地区玉米微喷控水灌溉试验研究

Experimental Study on Micro-sprinkler and Controlled Irrigationof Maize in Southern Liaoning Province

微喷灌技术在辽宁南部地区应用较为广泛,但是由于微喷灌水下限对灌水频率和产量影响较大,因而微喷灌水控制下限受到了极大关注。为了探讨不同控制下限微喷灌溉对辽宁南部地区玉米耗水规律及产量的影响。采用田间小区试验,以雨养种植(YY)作为对照,研究了2种不同微喷灌水下限,包括轻度控水灌溉(QK)、重度控水灌溉(ZK),对玉米土壤墒情、耗水规律、生长性状、产量、水分利用效率及经济效益等的影响。试验结果表明:玉米微喷控水灌溉可以有效保持土壤墒情,QK处理土壤平均含水率最高,灌水次数比ZK处理多2次;较YY对照处理,微喷灌溉处理在株高、茎粗、叶面积和干物质积累方面均具有显著的优势,说明微喷灌溉具有形成玉米高产的物质基础;微喷灌技术可以显著提高玉米出苗率24.3%,显著增加产量62.9%,QK产量高达15.62t·hm-2,说明玉米出苗率的提高是增产的重要因素;QK与ZK微喷灌水技术经济效益较对照显著提高0.8和0.57万元·hm-2。从增产、增效等方面综合考虑,微喷灌溉对于玉米苗期补偿效果显著,轻度微喷控水灌溉效益最好,适宜在辽宁南部地区推广。

The technology of Micro-sprinkler irrigation is widely used in southern Liaoning Province.However,because the lower limit of Micro-sprinkler irrigation has a great impact on the irrigation frequency and crop yield,therefore,the lower control limit of micro-sprinkler irrigation has received great attention.Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different lower control limit of micro-sprinkler irrigation for maize consumption and yield insouthern Liaoning Province,including soil moisture content,water consumption,growth traits,grain yield,water use efficiency and economic benefits of maize,two micro-sprinkler irrigation regimes (moderate controlled irrigation,QK and severe controlled irrigation,ZK) and rain-fed treatment (YY) as control.These results showed that micro-sprinkler irrigation canretain soil moisture content effectively.QK treatment obtained the highest soil moisture content and was irrigated two more times than that of ZK treatment.Micro-sprinkler irrigation had remarkable advantages in plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and dry matter accumulation of maize,which implied that Micro-spray irrigation has the material basis for high yield.The micro-sprinkler irrigation technology significantly increased maize emergence rate and yield by 24.3% and 62.9%,respectively,and the yield of QK was up to 15.62 t·hm-2,which showed that the increase of corn emergence rate was an important factor in increasing yield.QK and ZK treatments significantly increased the economic benefits by 8 and 5.7 thousand RMB·hm-2,respectively.Hence,micro-sprinkler irrigation has significant effect on corn seedling compensation in consideration of yield and resource utilization efficiency,and moderate micro-sprinkler irrigation achieved the highest economic benefit.This was suitable to be applied in southern Liaoning Province.