2008—2017年潜江市肾综合征出血热流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Qianjiang City (2008-2017)

目的通过分析2008—2017年潜江市监测资料,了解潜江市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行特征,为疾病的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法收集2008—2017年潜江市HFRS病例及宿主动物监测资料,运用描述性流行病学研究方法进行统计分析。结果 2008—2017年潜江市累计报告HFRS病例320例,年平均报告发病率为3.44/10万,总体发病率呈上升趋势。发病呈明显的初夏(5～6月)和冬季(11月至翌年1月)2个季节高峰。全市24个辖区都有病例报告,近年来病例主要集中在浩口镇、积玉口镇、老新镇、张金镇、园林街道、渔洋镇。男性发病率高于女性,男女性别比为2.37∶1。发病年龄以35～65岁年龄组为主,占病例总数的82.19%。职业以农民为主,占病例总数的79.06%。宿主动物以褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种,平均鼠密度为5.78%。结论潜江市是HFRS混合型疫区,有明显的季节、地区、人群分布特征,应高度关注产业结构调整对疫情的影响,对高发地区加强监测,采取以防鼠灭鼠、疫苗接种和人群知识宣传等综合防控措施。

Objective This work was to understand the epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Qianjiang City, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the disease by analyzing the monitoring data of Qianjiang City from 2008 to 2017. Methods The data of HFRS cases and host animals in Qianjiang City from 2008 to 2017 were collected and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological research methods.The cases and host animals monitoring data of HFRS in Qianjiang City from 2008 to 2017 were collected and statistically analyzed using descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 320 cases of HFRS were reported and the average annual incidence was 3.44/100 000 in Qianjiang City from 2008 to 2017. The overall incidence showed an increasing trend. Two seasonal epidemic peaks of HFRS occurred in early summer (May-June) and winter (November-January). There were cases reported in all 24 districts of the city. In recent years, the cases mainly concentrated in Haokou Town, Jiyukou Town, Laoxin Town, Zhangjin Town, Yuanlin Street, and Yuyang Town. Male morbidity was higher than that of females, and the gender ratio of male to female was 2.37 :1. The age of onset was mainly in the 35-65 years old age group, accounting for 82.19% of the total cases. The majority of patients were peasants, accounting for 79.06% of the total cases. Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius were predominant species among the host animals. The average density of rodents was 5.78%. Conclusion Qianjiang City was a mixed epidemic area of HFRS, which had obvious seasonal, regional and population distribution characteristics. Attention should be paid to the impact of industrial structure adjustment on the epidemic situation, and to strengthen the monitoring in high incidence areas. Comprehensive measures such as rodent control, vaccination and dissemination of knowledge should be taken to prevent and control the incidence of HFRS.