职业教育1+X证书制度:背景、定位与试点策略——《国家职业教育改革实施方案》解读

Vocational Education "1+X" Certificate System: Background,Positioning and Pilot Strategy——Interpretation of Implementation Plan of National Vocational Education Reform

构建1+X证书制度有着产业转型升级、职业教育人才培养、职业技能等级证书质量、职业教育优质资源利用、探索国家资格框架建设的可能等多重背景。其中,学历证书的作用是夯实学生可持续发展的基础;职业技能等级证书的功能是拓展就业本领与促进生涯发展;学历证书与职业技能等级证书之间应该产生协同效果,注重在微观层面的整合。现阶段职业教育1+X证书制度的试点工作可遵循以下策略:制定试点目标,筛选试点区域;制定1+X证书开发技术方案并组织部分专业证书的开发;搭建1+X证书信息化管理与使用平台;完善1+X证书授予资质审核与过程管理制度。

The establishment of"1+X"certificate system has multiple backgrounds which contain industrial transferring and upgrading,vocational education personnel training,the quality of vocational skill level certificate,utilization of high-quality resources in vocational education,exploring the possibility of national qualification framework construction.The role of academic certificates is to lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of students;The function of vocational skill level certificate is to expand employment ability and promote career development.There should be synergy between academic certificates and vocational skill level certificates,focusing on the integration at the micro level.At present,the following strategies can be followed in the pilot work of the"1+X"certificate system of vocational education:Setting pilot goals and selecting pilot areas;Formulating the"1+X"certificate development technical plan and organize the development of some certificates;Building the"1+X"certificate information management and use platform;Improving the"1+X"certificate qualification audit and process management system.