氮磷运筹对膜下滴灌玉米养分利用及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Transport on Nutrient Utilization and Yield of Maize under Film Drip Irrigation

试验采用随机区组设计,研究了不同氮、磷肥运筹对膜下滴灌玉米养分和产量的影响。结果表明:玉米的养分吸收主要集中于叶片,其次是茎秆,成熟期主要是籽粒、苞叶、玉米芯等,在吸收氮素、磷素过程中,氮素起了决定性作用。土壤硝态氮含量变化主要集中在0～40 cm土层。合理的氮磷配施能提高玉米对硝态氮的吸收作用,对玉米生长起到较大作用。在灌水相同条件下,氮肥是限制速效磷的主要因素,一定范围内增加氮肥对土壤速效磷含量的增加有促进作用。磷肥的利用效率主要决定于氮肥的施用量。中后期增施氮磷肥均促进产量增加,各处理的产量高低依次为NP9>NP8>NP3>NP4>NP6>NP5>NP7>NP2>NP1>CK,本试验最佳产量运筹方案的氮磷施用量分别为225 kg/hm^2(纯N)、123.7 kg/hm^2(P_2O_5),产量为14 167 kg/hm^2。

In this experiment, the effects of different nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer on nutrient and yield of corn were studied. The results show that the nutrient absorption of corn is mainly concentrated in leaves, followed by stem, and the mature period is mainly grains, bracts, corn cobs, etc., and nitrogen plays a decisive role in the process of nitrogen absorption and phosphorus uptake. The change of nitrate content in soil is mainly concentrated in 0~40 cm soil layer. Reasonable application of N and P can increase the absorption of nitrate nitrogen and play a significant role in the growth of maize. Under the same condition of irrigation, nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor limiting the available phosphorus, and the increase of nitrogen fertilizer can promote the increase of the content of available phosphorus in a certain range. The utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer mainly depends on the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer. In the middle and late stage, the application N and p fertilizer promots the increase of yield, and the yield of each treatment is NP9 > NP8 > NP3 > NP6 > NP7 > NP2 > NP1 > CK. In this study, the nitrogen and phosphorus application amount of the optimal production planning scheme was 225 kg/hm2 (pure N), 123.7 kg/hm2 (P2O5), and the yield was 14 167 kg/hm^2.