农田灌溉遥感监测技术的发展与前景

Development and Prospect of Remote Sensing Monitoring Technology for Agricultural Irrigation

农田灌溉遥感监测旨在通过遥感技术监测灌区作物的灌溉面积和种植结构,来实施高效的灌溉用水管理,达到建设节水型农业和对灌区现代化管理的目的。科学客观地总结农田灌溉面积遥感提取相关的研究进展,能为开展该方面的研究提供一定的参考。通过系统全面的查阅国内外相关文献资料,总结当前研究所采用的原理与方法,具体操作过程,存在问题等,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。值得肯定的是,目前已具有初步的理论和探索,对局部和区域农田灌溉面积的遥感提取具有了一定成效。不足之处在于,基于灌溉前后土壤水分和温度变化的原理与方法受降水影响大;地表实测数据收集困难;数据源单一,高"时空"分辨率数据少。在未来研究中,农田灌溉面积的多时相动态提取是趋势所在。还应注重以下几个方面:①提取原理和方法需进一步完善和补充;②注重多源数据和多种因素整合分析;③注重灌区基础资料库的建立和更新,注重大数据技术的应用。

Remote sensing monitor of farmland irrigation aims to monitor the irrigated area and planting structure of irrigation areas through remote sensing technology to implement efficient irrigation water management, and achieve the purpose of building water-saving agriculture and modern management of irrigation areas. A scientific and objective summary of the research progress of remote sensing extraction of farmland irrigation area can provide some reference for the research in this field. Through a systematic and comprehensive review of relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the current research principles and methods, specific operation process, existing problems, etc., and looks forward to the future development trend. It is worth affirming that there have been preliminary theories and explorations, which have achieved certain results in remote sensing extraction of local and regional farmland irrigation areas. The disadvantage is that the principle and method of soil moisture and temperature change before and after irrigation are greatly affected by precipitation;the collection of surface measured data is difficult;data sources are single, and high “time and space” resolution data are less. In future studies, the multi-temporal dynamic extraction of irrigated farmland area is the trend. The following aspects should also be emphasized:①The principles and methods of extraction need to be further improved and supplemented;②Pay attention to multi-source data and multiple factors integration analysis;③pay attention to the establishment and update of basic database of irrigation area, pay attention to the application of big data technology.